Chapters 1-2 Flashcards
What is an open system?
a system that exchange matter with the surroundings
What is an isolated system?
a system that can exchange neither matter nor energy with the surroundings
What is Thermodynamic Equilibrium?
refers to a condition in which equilibrium exists with respect to P, T, concentration
What is Thermal Equilibrium?
two systems that have the same temperature
What is adiabatic?
walls that signify that P1 does not equal P2 and therefore tells us that the systems are not in thermal equilibrium
What is diathermal?
when the two systems have the same temperature, T1=T2
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Two systems that are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third system are also in equilibrium with one another.
What is an intensive variable?
a variable that is independent of the size of the system, P, and T
What is an extensive variable?
one that is proportional to the size of the system, V
Values for R
- 314 J K^-1 mol^-1
- 314 Pa m^3 K^-1 mol^-1
- 314 x 10^-2 bar K^-1 mol^-1
- 206 x 10^-2 L atm K^-1 mol^-1
- 36 L Torr K^-1 mol^-1
What is internal energy?
the total of all the different forms of energy for the system of interest, denoted U
The First Law of Thermodynamics
the internal energy U of an isolated system is constant
What is an isothermal process?
Refers to a constant temperature process
What is work?
(in thermodynamics) is defined as any quantity of energy that “flows” across the boundary between the system and the surroundings as a result of a force acting through a distance.
What is heat?
(in thermodynamics) is defined as the quantity of energy that flows across the boundary between the system and the surroundings because of a temperature difference between the system and the surroundings.
