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EDC 551 > Chapters 1,2,3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1,2,3 Flashcards

1
Q

ACA definition of counseling

A

A professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups too accomplish health, wellness, education and career goals.

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2
Q

1800’s

A
  • Medical model: stemmed from curing syphilis
  • Late 1800’s Freud “talk therapy”, Psychoanalysis -> Psychiatry
  • 1892: APA, American Psychological Association
  • 1896: First clinic in Philadelphia for children opened
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3
Q

1900’s

A
  • Counseling: Frank Parson’s started to “guide” the unemployed
  • Testing Started during World War I
  • The first marriage & family counseling center was formed
  • The first theory: Trait-Factor Counseling OR Directive Counseling
  • Carl Rogers: Client focused (non directive), Individual’s ability to make their own life choices. (Challenging Parsons, Freud, Williamson)
  • 1952: 1st DSM
  • Space Race -> American Education Act (funding for counseling)
  • 1963: Community Health Act “Deinstitutionalization”
  • 60’s pharmacological treatment + new theories, 1st licensure
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4
Q

Behavioral Theories

A

Joseph Wolpe (1958)

Systematic desensitization is a type of behavioral therapy based on the principle of classical conditioning

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5
Q

Rational-Emotive Theory

A

Albert Ellis (1962) - ABC model

Thoughts -> Feelings, Behavior: all interact together

Goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.

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6
Q

Cognitive Theories

A

Aaron Beck (1967) - CBT

Cognitive Model: The way that individuals perceive a situation is more closely connected to their reaction than the situation itself.

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7
Q

Weldon v. Virginia State board of psychologists examiners

A

1974 Established counseling as a profession distinct from psychology

1976 - 1st LPC & AMHCA (American mental health counseling Association)

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8
Q

CACREP

A

1981 - Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs

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9
Q

NBCC

A

1982 - National Board for Certified Counselors

  • offers specialty certifications after receiving NCC
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10
Q

CSI

A

1985 - Chi Sigma Iota

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11
Q

Professional Identity

A
  • critical for growth & health
  • creates behavioral norms, values, ethics & professional pride.
  • Facilitated by legal recognition (Licensure), Memberships professional organizations, Standards of behavior (code of ethics)
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12
Q

Psychiatry

A

Based on medical model

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13
Q

Social work

A

Mission to improve the quality of life, Promote social values and encourage self advocacy

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14
Q

Psychology

A

Emphasizes the scientist- practitioner

- aka “Testing and Assessment”

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15
Q

Counseling

A
  1. Wellness focused
  2. Prevention
  3. Human development (solve their own problems)
  4. Holistic approach
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16
Q

Ethical codes

A

ACA
AMHCA
- expands on the ACA
- more protective of client rights

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17
Q

Informed Consent

A

Always verbalize prior to starting session.

It is not just paperwork

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18
Q

Kitchner Model

5 moral principles

A
  1. Autonomy
  2. Nonmaleficence
  3. Beneficence
  4. Justice
  5. Fidelity
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19
Q

ABCDE Model

A

Beneficence Focused:

Assessment 
Benefit
Consultation
Duty 
Education
20
Q

Privilege

A

a right or immunity granted as a peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor

PA has Privilege

21
Q

8 CACREP

Core AREAS

A
  1. Ethics & Orientation
  2. Social & cultural diversity
  3. Human growth & development
  4. Career development
  5. Helping relationships
  6. Group work
  7. Assessment
  8. Research and program evaluation
  9. Social justice (may become a 9th)
22
Q

Concurring diagnoses

A

Multiple diagnosis

i.e. Alcoholism & Depression

23
Q

Case Conceptualization

A

Fills the gap between diagnosis and treatment

  • Is a narrative that helps organize information
  • Typically linked to theory
24
Q

Case Conceptualization Helps

A
  • Build a relationship
  • Identify important issues (Hypothesis)
  • Normalizes problems while collaborating
  • Guide selection of interventions
  • Goal to find a pattern
25
Q

Intake forms

A

Don’t replace asking

26
Q

Evaluation Techniques

A

Informal interview
Self report
Observations
Formal assessments (replace above)

27
Q

Leverage

A

Working with in the pattern or theme to allow the counselor to intervene at the core and be efficient

Spot leverage points —ways to make things happen by using little effort to achieve powerful results

28
Q

Solution Focused Brief Therapy

SFBT

A
  • use past clients success
  • help client identify their own strengths and resources
  • change focus from “problem” to SOLUTION
29
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CBT

A
  • Aaron Beck
  • Thinking affects behavior
  • Behavior is learned
  • Our beliefs Impact our emotional state and behavior choices
  • Thoughts -> Feelings
30
Q

Cognitive mechanisms

A

Cognitive distortions - ways that our mind convinces us of something that isn’t really true

Negative thoughts

Schemas

31
Q

Psychodynamic

A
  • inherent motivation for relationships
  • maladaptive patterns of thinking that stem from early childhood experiences
  • transference and counter transference inform the conceptualization process
32
Q

Humanistic

A

Carl Rogers - Diagnosis is Not necessary & human nature is good

  • Unconditional positive regard
  • focus on the present
  • clients have innate potential to be healthy “self actualization”
33
Q

Extensionalism

A

Individual, Passion, Freedom (triangle)

  • problems are from lack of Individual choice
  • conscious choice must align with values and believes

WE ARE FREE to CHOOSE

34
Q

Family systems

A
  • Examines multiple family generations to identify norms, communication patterns and significant life events
  • Make patterns visible
  • Make strengths and challenges tangible
35
Q

Post Modern Theories

A
  • Narrative: People give meaning to their existence
  • Feminist, Social justice, Multicultural: work against oppression, discrimination, and inequality
  • Systems theories (these): Look at the the cultural influences and how the greater group Influences individuals
36
Q

Biopsychosocial

A
  • MicroSystem: Parents
  • ExoSystem: Boss at work
  • MacroSystem: Cultural expectations
  • ChronoSystem: Things that affect micro (ie divorce fighting)
37
Q

Readiness for Change: Prochaska Model

A

4 Core Constructs

  • process of change
  • decisional balance: weighs pros vs cons
  • self efficacy: confidence to sustain
  • temptation
38
Q

Stages of Change

A 
Precontemplation 
Contemplation 
Preparation 
Action 
Maintenance
39
Q

T/C Model - triangle

A

Affect - express & regulate emotions

Cognition - perceive & interpret environmental info

Behavior

40
Q

T/C Model - inner circle

A

The boundary between the clients inner and outer worlds
- client interacts and impacts their environment

Symptomology (somatic & psychological)

Coping skills/strengths

Understanding life roll

41
Q

T/C Model - outer circle

A

The multiple environmental & relational influences
- client also impacts

interpersonal relationships 
culture 
socioeconomic status 
social structures
societal norms
42
Q

T/C Model - timeline

A

Provides context of the Past, Present and Future

- counselor should focus on the present and plan for the future.

43
Q

The Treatment Plan

A

Maps the presenting problems and the goal

  • individualized
  • cooperative
  • begins with a preliminary plan in the beginning
  • specific & measurable
44
Q

Treatment Plan - Components

A
  • Problem statements
  • Goal statements (global)
  • Goal statements (then per problem)
  • Objectives
  • Interventions
45
Q

Treatment Plan - Objectives

A
  • measurable
  • attainable
  • timely
  • realistic
  • specific
46
Q

“Feedback Loop”

A

Case Conceptualization & Treatment plans are interconnected
- always collect data to modify the treatment plan and hypothesis

EDC 551 (1 decks)

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