Chapters 1 & 2 Flashcards
Medical
MED-ih-kal
medic/o- physician; medicine
-al - pertaining to
Communication
Koh-myoo-nih-KAY-shun
communicat/o- impart, transmit
-ion - action; condition
Etymology
et-ih-MAW-loh-jee
etym/o- word origin
-logy - the study of
What is the plural form of a latin word ending in -a?
- ae
ex. areola –> areolae
What is the plural form of a latin word ending in -us?
-i
excemptions - Fetus, Virus, & Sinus (fetuses, viruses, sinuses)
ex. alveolus –> alveoli
What is the plural form of latin words ending in -um?
- a
ex. atrium –> atria
What is the plural form of latin words ending in -is?
- es
ex. diagnosis –> diagnoses
What is the plural form of latin words ending in - ex?
- ices
ex. cortex –> cortices
What is the plural form of Greek words ending in -is?
- ides
ex. epididymis –> epididymides
What is the plural form of Greek words ending in -nx?
- nges
ex. phalanx –> phalanges
What is the plural form of Greek words ending in -oma?
- omata
ex. carcinoma –> carcinomata
What is the plural form of Greek words ending in -on?
- a
ex. ganglion –> ganglia
What are the 3 different word parts and their meaning?
Combining form - the foundation of the word
Suffix - the word ending
Prefix - an optional word beginning
What are the characteristics of a combining form?
- foundation of a word
- gives the word its main medical meaning
- has a root (medical meaning), a forward slash (separates root from combining vowel, a combining vowel, & a final hyphen)
- can contain 2 or more combining forms
What are the characteristics of a suffix?
- the end of a word
- modifies or clarifies the medical meaning
- single letter or group of letters that begins with a hyphen
What are the characteristics of a prefix?
- is at the beginning of a word
- optional word part
- modifies or clarifies the medical meaning
- single letter or group of letters that ends with a hyphen
Suffix ‘-ac’ meaning?
pertaining to
Suffix ‘-al’ meaning?
pertaining to
Suffix ‘-ar’ meaning?
pertaining to
Suffix ‘-ary’ meaning?
pertaining to
Suffix ‘-ic’ meaning?
pertaining to
Suffix ‘-ine’ meaning?
pertaining to
Suffix ‘-ive’ meaning?
pertaining to
Suffix ‘-ous’ meaning?
pertaining to
Suffix ‘-ation’ meaning?
a process; being or having
Suffix ‘-ion’ meaning?
action; condition
Suffix ‘-ia’ meaning?
condition; state; thing
Suffix ‘-ism’ meaning?
Process; disease from a specific cause
Suffix ‘-itis’ meaning?
inflammation of; infection of
Suffix ‘-megaly’ meaning?
enlargement
Suffix ‘-oma’ meaning?
tumor; mass
Suffix ‘-osis’ meaning?
condition; abnormal condition; process
Suffix ‘pathy’ meaning?
disease
Suffix ‘-ectomy’ meaning?
surgical removal
Suffix ‘-gram’ meaning?
a record or picture
Suffix ‘-graphy’ meaning?
process of recording
Suffix ‘-metry’ meaning?
process of measuring
Suffix ‘-scope’ meaning?
instrument used to examine
Suffix ‘-stomy’ meaning?
surgically created opening
Suffix ‘-therapy’ meaning?
treatment
Suffix ‘-tomy’ meaning?
process of cutting or making an incision
Suffix ‘-iatry’ meaning?
medical treatment
Suffix ‘-ics’ meaning?
knowledge; practice
Suffix ‘-ist’ meaning?
one who specializes in
Suffix ‘-logy’ meaning?
the study of
Prefix ‘endo-‘ meaning?
innermost; within
Prefix ‘epi-‘ meaning?
upon; above
Prefix ‘inter-‘ meaning?
between
Prefix ‘intra-‘ meaning?
within
Prefix ‘peri-‘ meaning?
around
Prefix ‘post-‘ meaning?
after; behind
Prefix ‘pre-‘ meaning?
before; in front of
Prefix ‘sub-‘ meaning?
below; underneath
Prefix ‘trans-‘ meaning?
across; through
Prefix ‘bi-‘ meaning?
two
Prefix ‘brady-‘ meaning?
slow
Prefix ‘hemi-‘ meaning?
one half
Prefix ‘hyper-‘ meaning?
above; more than normal
Prefix ‘hypo-‘ meaning?
below; deficient
Prefix ‘poly-‘ meaning?
many; much
Prefix ‘quadri-‘ meaning?
four
Prefix ‘tachy-‘ meaning?
fast
Prefix ‘tri-‘ meaning?
three
Prefix ‘a-‘ meaning?
away from; without
Prefix ‘an-‘ meaning?
without; not
Prefix ‘anti-‘ meaning?
against
Prefix ‘de-‘ meaning?
reversal of; without
Prefix ‘dys-‘ meaning?
painful; difficult; abnormal
Prefix ‘eu-‘ meaning?
normal; good
Prefix ‘mal-‘ meaning?
bad; inadequate
Prefix ‘re-‘ meaning?
again and again
CC abbreviation
Chief Complaint
CPR abbreviation
Computerized patient record
D/C* abbreviation
discharge; discontinue
DS abbreviation
discharge; summary
Dx abbreviation
diagnosis
EHR abbreviation
electronic health record
EMR abbreviation
electronic medical record
EPR abbreviation
electronic patient record
FH abbreviation
family history
H&P abbreviation
history and physical (examination)
HIPAA abbreviation
Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act
HPI abbreviation
history of present illness
ISMP abbreviation
Institute for Sale Medication Practices
PE abbreviation
physical examination
PMH abbreviation
past medical history
ROS abbreviation
review of systems
SH abbreviation
social history
anatomical
an-ah-TAW-mih-kal
ana- apart; excessive
tom/o- cut; slice; layer
-ical - pertaining to
Coronal
kor-Oh-nal
coron/o- structure that encircles like a crown
-al - pertaining to
Frontal
FRUN-tal
front/o- front
-al - pertaining to
Anterior
anterioran-Teer-ee-or
anter/o- before; front part
-ior - pertaining to
Ventral
VEN-tral
vent/o- front; abdomen
-al - pertaining to
Posterior
phos-TEER-ee-or
poster/o- back part
-ior - pertaining to
Plane
Playn
Prone
Prohn
Supine
soo-PINE
SOO-pine
Anteroposterior
An-ter-oh-pohs-TEER-ee-or
anter/o- before; front part
poster/o- back part
-ior - pertaining to
Posteroanterior
POHS-ter-oh-an-TEER-ee-or
poster/o- back part
anter/o- before; front part
-ior - pertaining to
Sagittal Plane
SAJ-ih-tal
sagitt/o- going from front to back
-al - pertaining to
Divides the body into right and left sections
Medial
MEE-dee-al
medi/o- middle
-al - pertaining to
toward the midline
Lateral
LAT-er-al
later/o- side
-al - pertaining to
away from the midline
Bilateral
by-LAT-er-al
bi- two
later/o- side
-al - pertaining to
both sides
Transverse plan
trans-VERS
trans- across; through
-verse - to travel; to turn
horizontal plane, upper and lower halves
Superior
soo-PEER-ee-or
super/o- above
-ior - pertaining to
upper half
Inferior
in-FEER-ee-or
infer/o- below
-ior - pertaining to
Cephlad
SEF-ah-lad
cephal/o- head
-ad - toward; in the direction of
Caudad
KAW-dad
caud/o- tail bone
-ad - toward; in the direction of
Distal
DIS-tal
dist/o- away from the centre or point of origin
-al - pertaining to
Proximal
PRAWK-sih-mal
proxim/o - near the centre or point of origin
-al - pertaining to
External
eks-TER-nal
extern/o- outside
-al - pertaining to
Internal
in-TER-nal
intern/o- inside
-al - pertaining to
Cavity
KAV-ih-tee
cav/o- hollow space
-ity - state; condition
Cranial
KRAY-nee-al
crani/o- cranium (skull)
-al - pertaining to
Spinal
SPY-nal
spin/o- spine; backbone
-al - pertaining to
Thoracic
thor-AS-ik
thorac/o- thorax (chest)
-ic - pertaining to
Abdominal
ab-DAW-mih-nal
abdomin/o- abdomen
-al - pertaining to
Pelvic
PEL-vik
pelv/o- pelvis (hip bone; renal pelvis)
-ic - pertaining to
Abdominopelvic
ab-DAW-mih-noh-PEL-vik
abdomin/o- abdomen
pelv/o- pelvis (hip bone; renal pelvis)
-ic - pertaining to
Viscera
VIS-er-ah
Visceral
VIS-er-ah
vicer/o- large internal organs
-al - pertaining to
Quadrant
KWAH-drant
quadr/o- four
-ant - pertaining to
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Hypochondriac
HY-poh-CON-dree-ak
hypo- below;deficient
chondr/o- cartilage
-iac - pertaining to
pertaining to below the cartilage (of the ribs)
Epigastric
EP-ih-GAS-trik
epi- upon; above
gastr/o- stomach
-ic - pertaining to
Lumbar
LUM-bar
lumb/o- lower back; area between the ribs and pelvis
-ar - pertaining to
Umbilical
um-BIL-ih-kal
umbilic/o- umbilicus; nasal
-al - pertaining to
Inguinal
ING-gwih-nal
inguin/o- groin
-al - pertaining to
Iliac
IL-ee-ak
ili/o- ilium (hip bone)
-ac - pertaining to
Hypogastric
HY-poh-GAS-trik
hypo- below; deficient
gastr/o- stomach
-ic - pertaining to
anatomy
an-NAT-oh-mee
Physiology
fiz-ee-AW-loh-jee
physi/o- physical function
-logy - the study of
Cell
SEL
smallest independently functioning structure in the body that can reproduce itself by division
Microscopic
MY-kroh-SKAW-pik
micr/o- one millionth; small
scop/o- examine with an instrument
-ic - pertaining to
Microscope
MY-kroh-skohp
micr/o- one millionth; small
-scope - instrument used to examine
Tissue
TIH-shoo
Organ
OR-gan
Macroscopic
MAK-roh-SKAW-pik
macr/o- large
scop/o- examine with an instrument
-ic - pertaining to
Gastroeneterology
GAS-troh-EN-ter-AW-loh-jee
gastr/o- stomach
enter/o- intestine
-logy - the study of
- Gastrointestinal system
- mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
- receive sensory information
- digest food
- absorb nutrients into the blood
- excrete undigested wastes
Gastrointestinal
GAS-troh-in-TES-tih-nal
gastr/o- stomach
intestin/o- intestine
-al - pertaining to
Pulmonology
PUL-moh-NAW-loh-jee
pulmon/o- lung
-logy - the study of
- Respiratory system
- nose, pharynx (throat), larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
- inhale oxygen
- exhale carbon dioxide
- exchange gases in the alveoli
Respiratory
RES-pih-rah-TOR-ee
reh-SPY-rah-TOR-ee
re- again and again
spir/o- breathe
-atory - pertaining to
Cardiology
KAR-dee-AW-loh-jee
cardi/o- heart
-logy - the study of
- cardiovascular system
- heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
- circulate blood throughout the body
Cardiovascular
KAR-dee-oh-VAS-kyoo-lar
cardi/o- heart
vascul/o- blood vessel
-ar - pertaining to
Hematology
HEE-mah-TAW-loe-jee
hemat/o- blood
-logy - the study of
- blood (blood cells and plasma)
- transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells
- transport carbon dioxide to the lunges and wastes to the kidneys
Blood
BLUD
Immunology
IH-myoo-NAW-loh-jee
immun/o- immune response
-logy - the study of
- Blood & Lymphatic system
- lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph fluid, spleen, thymus, white blood cells
- recognize and destroy disease-causing organisms and abnormal cells
Lymphatic
lim-FAT-ik
lymph/o- lymph; lymphatic system
-atic - pertaining to
Dematology
DER-mah-TAW-loh-jee
dermat/o- skin
-logy - the study of
- Integumentary system
- skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands
- receive sensory information (pain, touch, temperature)
- protect internal organs
- regulate body temperature by sweating
Integumentary
in-TEH-gyoo-MEN-tair-ee
integument/o- skin
-ary - pertaining to
Orthopedics
OR-thoh-PEE-diks
orth/o- straight
ped/o- child
-ics - knowledge; practice
- Skeletal and Muscular systems
- bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, muscles, tendons
- support the body
- produce movement of the body
Skeletal
SKEL-eh-tal
skelet/o- skeleton
-al - pertaining to
Muscular
MUS-kyoo-lar
muscul/o- muscle
-ar - pertaining to
Neurology
nyoor-AW-loh-jee
neur/o- nerve
-logy - the study of
- Nervous system
- brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, spinal nerves, cerebrospinal fluid, neurons
- receive, relay, and interpret sensory information (vision, hearing, smell, taste) and sensations (pain, touch, temperature, body position, balance)
- coordinate movement
- store and interpret memory and emotion
Nervous
NER-vus
nerv/o- nerve
-ous - pertaining to
Urology
yoor-AW-loh-jee
ur/o- urine; urinary system
-logy - the study of
- Urinary System
- kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, nephrons
- excrete urine and waste products
Urinary
YOOR-ih-NAIR-ee
urin/o- urine; urinary system
-ary - pertaining to
Reproductive
REE-proh-DUK-tiv
re- again and again
product/o- produce
-ive - pertaining to
- Male Genital and Reproductive System
- scrotum, testes, epididymides, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, urethra, penis
- secrete male hormones
- develop male secondary sexual characteristics
- produce and release sperm
Genital
JEN-ih-tal
genit/o- genitalia
-al - pertaining to
Gynecology
GY-neh-KAW-loh-jee
gynec/o- female; woman
-logy - the study of
- Female Genital and Reproductive System
- breasts, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia
- secrete female hormones, develop female secondary sexual characteristics
- produce ova
- menstruate
- conceive and bear children
- produce milk to nourish children
Obstetrics
awb-STEH-triks
obstetr/o- pregnancy and childbirth
-ics - knowledge; practice
Genital
JEN-ih-tal
genit/o- genitalia
-al - pertaining to
Endocrinology
EN-doh-krih-NAW-loh-jee
endo- innermost; within
crin/o- secrete
-logy - the study of
- Endocrine System
- pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes
- secrete hormones into the blood
direct the activities of the body
Endocrine
EN-doh-krin
EN-doh-krine
endo- innermost; within
crin/o - secrete
-ine - thing pertaining to
Ophthalmology
OFF-thal-MAW-loh-jee
ophthalm/o- eye
-logy - the study of
- Eyes
- receive sensory information (vision)
Otolaryngology
OH-toh-LAIR-ing-GAW-loh-jee
ot/o- ear
laryng/o- larynx (voice box)
-logy - the study of
- Ears, Nose, and Throat (ENT) System
- Ears, nose, sinuses, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box)
Psychiatry
sy-KY-ah-tree
psych/o- mind
-iatry - medical treatment
Oncology
ong-KAW-loh-jee
onc/o- tumor; mass
-logy - the study of
Radiology
RAY-dee-AW-loh-jee
radi/o- radius, (forearm bone); x-rays; radiation
-logy - the study of
Nuclear
NOO-klee-ar
nucle/o- nucleus (of an atom)
-ar - pertaining to
Medicine
MED-klee-sin
medic/o- physician; medicine
-ine - thing pertaining to
Dentistry
DEN-tis-tree
dent/o- tooth
-istry - process related to the specialty of
Dietetics
DY-eh-TEH-tiks
dietet/o- foods; diet
-ics - knowledge; practice
Pharmacology
FAR-mah-KAW-loh-jee
pharmac/o- medicine; drug
-logy - the study of
Neonatology
NEE-oh-nay-TAW-loh-jee
ne/o- new
nat/o- birth
-logy - the study of
Pediatrics
PEE-dee-AT-riks
ped/o- child
iatr/o- physician; medical treatment
-ics - knowledge; practice
Geriatrics
JAIR-ee-AT-riks
ger/o- old age
iatr/o- physician; medical treatment
-ics - knowledge; practice
Preventive
pree-VEN-tiv
prevent/o- prevent
-ive - pertaining to
Medicine
MED-ih-sin
medic/o- physician; medicine
-ine - thing pertaining to
Disease
dih-ZEEZ
any change in the normal structure or function of the body
Etiology
EE-tee-AW-loh-jee
eti/o- cause of disease
-logy - the study of
Congenital
con-JEN-ih-tal
congenit/o- present at birth
-al - pertaining to
Degenerative
dee-JEN-er-ah-TIV
de- reversal of; without
gener/o- production; creation
-ative - pertaining to
Environmental
en-VY-rawn-MEN-tal
caused by exposure to external substances
Hereditary
heh-RED-ih-TAIR-ee
heredit/o- genetic inheritance
-ary - pertaining to
Iatrogenic
eye-AT-roh-JEN-ik
iatr/o- physician; medical treatment
gen/o- arising from; produced by
-ic - pertaining to
Idiopathic
ID-ee-oh-PATH-ik
idi/o- unknown; individual
path/o- disease
-ic - pertaining to
Infectious
in-FEK-shus
infect/o- disease within
-ious - pertaining to
Pathogen
PATH-oh-jen
path/o- disease
-gen - that which produces
Communicable
koh-MYOO-nih-kah-bl
communic/o- impart; transmit
-able - able to be
Neoplastic
NEE-oh-PLAS-tik
ne/o- new
plast/o- growth; formation
-ic - pertaining
Nosocomial
NOH-soh-KOH-mee-al
nosocomi/o- hospital
-ic - pertaining to
Nutritional
noo-TRIH-shun-al
nutrit/o- nourishment
- ion - action; condition
- al - pertaining to
Symptom
SIMP-tom
any deviation from health that is experienced or felt by the patient
Symptomology
SIMP-toh-mah-TAW-loh-jee
symptomat/o- collection of symptoms
-logy - the study of
Syndrome
SIN-drohm
syn- together
-drome - a running
a set of symptoms and signs associated with one particular disease
Asymptomatic
AA-simp-toh-MAT-ik
a- away from; without
symptomat/o- collection of symptoms
-ic - pertaining to
Inspection
in-SPEK-shun
inspect/o- looking at
-ion - action; condition
Palpation
pal-PAY-shun
palpat/o- touching; feeling
-ion - action; condition
Auscultation
AWS-kul-TAY-shun
auscult/o- listening
-ation - a process; being or having
Percussion
per-KUH-shun
percuss/o- tapping
-ion - action; condition
Diagnosis
DY-ag-NOH-sis
dia- complete; completely through
gnos/o- knowledge
-osis - condition; abnormal condition; process
acute
ah-KYOOT
sudden in nature and severe in intensity
subacute
SUB-ah-KYOOT
less severe in intensity
Chronic
KRAW-nik
chron/o- time
-ic - pertaining to
Exacerbation
eg-ZAS-er-BAY-shun
exacerb/o- increase; provoke
-ation - a process; being or having
Remission
ree-MIH-shun
remiss/o- send back
-ion - action; condition
Sequela
see-KEWL-ah
an abnormal condition or complication that arises
therapeutic
THAIR-ah-PYOO-tik
therapeut/o- therapy; treatment
-ic - pertaining to
Refactory
ree-FRAK-tor-ee
re- again and again; backward; unable to
fract/o- break up
-ory - having the function of
Surgery
SER-jer-ee
surg/o- operative procedure
-ery - process of
Prognosis
prawg-NOH-sis
pro- before
gnos/o- knowledge
-osis - condition; abnormal condition; process
Recuperation
ree-koo-per-AA-shun
recuper/o- recover
-ation - a process; being or having
Disability
DIS-ah-BIL-ah-tee
permanent loss of the ability to perform certain activities or to function in a given way
Terminal
TER-mih-nal
termin/o- end; boundary
-al - pertaining to
Physician
fih-ZIH-shun
physic/o- body
-ician - skilled professional or expert
Doctor
DAWK-ter
Surgeon
SER-jun
surg/o- operative procedure
-eon - one who performs
Nurse
NERS
RN - registered nurse
LPN - licensed practical nurse
LVN - licensed vocational nurse
Technologist
tek-NAW-loh-jist
techn/o- technical skill
-ist - skilled professional or expert
Therapist
THAIR-ah-pist
therap/o- treatment
-ist - one who specializes in
Hospital
HAWS-pih-tal
healthcare facility
Discharge
DIS-charj
leaving hospital
Inpatient
IN-pay-shent
a patient
Ancillary
AN-sih-LAIR-ee
ancill/o- servant; accessory
-ary - pertaining to
Clinic
Klin-ik
one type of patient or disease
outpatient
OUT-pay-shent
not in hospital patients
Ambulatory
AM-byoo-lah-TOR-ee
ambulat/o- walking
-ory - having the function of
Rehabilitation
REE-hah-BIL-ih-TAY-shun
re- again and again; backward; unable to
habilitat/o- give ability
-ion - action; condition
Hospice
HAWS-pis
inpatient facility for patients who are dying from a terminal illness
Palliative
PAL-ee-ah-TIV
palliat/o- reduce severity of
-ive - pertaining to
A&P abbreviation
anatomy and physiology
AP abbreviation
anteroposterior
ASC abbreviation
ambulatory surgery centre
CNM abbreviation
certified nurse midwife
CRNA abbreviation
certified registered nurse anesthetist
CV abbreviation
cardiovascular
D.C abbreviation
Doctor of Chiropracty
D.D.S abbreviation
Doctor of Dental Surgery
D.O abbreviation
Doctor of Osteopathy
D.P.M abbreviation
Doctor of Podiatry
Dr. abbreviation
Doctor
Dx abbreviation
diagnosis
ED abbreviation
emergency department
ENT abbreviation
ears, nose, and throat
ER abbreviation
emergency room
GI abbreviation
gastrointestinal
GYN abbreviation
gynecology
H&P abbreviation
history and physical (examination)
Hx abbreviation
history
ICU abbreviation
intensive car unit
LLQ abbreviation
left lower quadrant
LPN abbreviation
licensed practical nurse
LUQ abbreviation
left upper quadrant
LVN abbreviation
licensed vocational nurse
M.D. abbreviation
Doctor of Medicine
NP abbreviation
nurse practitioner
OB abbreviation
obstetrics
OB/GYN abbreviation
obstetrics and gynecology
O.D. abbreviation
Doctor of Optometry
PA abbreviation
physicians assistant posteroanterior
PCP abbreviation
primary care phyician
PE abbreviation
physical examination
Pharm. D. abbreviation
Doctor of Pharmacy
PT abbreviation
physical therapy
RLQ abbreviation
right lower quadrant
RN abbreviation
Registered Nurse
R/O abbreviation
rule out
RUQ abbreviation
right upper quadrant
SNF abbreviation
sniff
skilled nursing facility
Sx abbreviation
symptoms
Tx abbreviation
treatment