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Abeka Chemistry > Chapters 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

CA

A

Calcium

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2
Q

Si

A

silicon

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3
Q

C

A

carbon

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4
Q

I

A

iodine

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5
Q

Ag

A

silver

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6
Q

Fe

A

iron

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7
Q

Hg

A

mercury

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8
Q

Au

A

gold

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9
Q

What limitation of science prevents the study of origins from being true science?

A

Science can study only created matter and energy in the present.

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10
Q

Who proposed the planetary model of the atom?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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11
Q

What value does the prefix micro- represent?

A
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12
Q

substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means, each one has an atomic symbol assigned to it

A

element

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13
Q

group of two or more atoms that are linked by chemical bonds to form distinct units, notated as a subscript

A

molecule

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14
Q

substance that can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances,

A

compound

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15
Q

Which state of matter is defined by having a definite volume and the shape of its container

A

liquid

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16
Q

Which state of matter is defined as having no definite shape or volume and being easily compressed

A

gas

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17
Q

Matter reacts to change into other chemically different substances having different properties

A

chemical properties

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18
Q

What subatomic particle does NOT have a charge?

A

neutron

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19
Q

Which subatomic particle was Millikan’s oil-drop experiment used to measure the charge of?

A

electron

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20
Q

Which subatomic particle is NOT found in the nucleus

A

electron

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21
Q

Which branch of Chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds

A

organic chemistry

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22
Q

Which branch of chemistry deals with identifying what substances are present in materials and how much of each substance is present?

A

analytical chemistry

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23
Q

Name three principals of Dalton’s atomic theory.

A
  1. Ever element consists of indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms.
  2. All atoms of a particular element have the same size, mass, and chemical behavior.
  3. The atoms of the elements in a compound are combined in a definite ratio.
24
Q

Which number in an atomic symbol gives the number of protons?

A

the atomic number - the subscript or bottom number

25
Q

What does the superscript or top number of an atomic symbol tell us?

A

mass number

26
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons from an atomic sympbol?

A

Subtract the subscript or atomic number from the superscript or mass number

27
Q

How do you find the number of electrons?

A

If neutral, the same as the number of protons or atomic numbers; if positive, subtract the charge from the number of protons since it needs fewer electrons; if negative, add the charge to the number of protons since it needs more electrons

28
Q

To convert scientific notation with a positive exponent to ordinary notation, move the decimal point to the ___.

A

right

29
Q

To convert scientific notation with a negative exponent to ordinary notation, move the decimal point to the ___.

A

left

30
Q

The law stating that the massess of each element in a given compound always have the same ratio is the law of

A

definite composition

31
Q

The value that equals an element’s average atomic mass but lacks units is the element’s

A

atomic weight

32
Q

A general explanation of why some part of the universe behaves the way it does

A

theory

33
Q

Chemists in two different labs completed the same experiment with the same methods and achieved results that were the same within significant digits demonstrate ___.

A

reproducibility

34
Q

As the temperature of a sample of matter increases, the kinect energy of its particles will ___.

A

increase

35
Q

The idea that refers to the consistency of reproduciblity or a measurement is ___.

A

precision

36
Q

What method of separating mixtures involves placing a drop of the mixture to be separated on a piece of absorbent paper and placing one edge of the paper in a suitable chemical solvent?

A

chromatography

37
Q

What method of separating mixtures involves dissolving a solid mixture in a small volume of hot solvent and slowly cooking it?

A

fractional crystaillization

38
Q

What is the rule for significant digits in addition and subtraction?

A

round your answer to the last place that is significat in the least certain measurement.

39
Q

What is the rule for significant digits in multiplication and division?

A

round your answer to the same number of significant digits as the factor having smallest number of significant digits.

40
Q

The average of a series of measurements should …

A

NOT have more significant digits than the measured values

41
Q

When defining a problem, what else needs to be identified?

A

the criteria and constraints based on the function and limitations

42
Q

Which state of matter has kinetic energy?

A

gas

43
Q

Name three signs of chemical change

A

distinct change in color; formation of a precipitate, liberation of heat

44
Q

Who can a physical change be reversed?

A

physical process

45
Q

In dimensional analysis, what value should a conversion factor always equal?

A

one

46
Q

One what principal do scientists base the assumption that events in the universe have rational causes?

A

causality

47
Q

What theory states that a chemical reaction is the result of rearrangement, combination, or separation of atoms?

A

Dalton’s atomic theory

48
Q

What technique spearates substances with similar boiling points by boiling the mixture beneath a tall column containing many surfaces on which vapor may condes?

A

fractional distillation

49
Q

What is the central portion of an atom that contains the most mass called?

A

nucleus

50
Q

What field of science deals with the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and with the changes that matter undergoes?

A

chemistry

51
Q

What instrument is used to measure atomic mass?

A

mass spectrometer

52
Q

What is a substance consisting of two or more pure substances physically mixed but not chemically combined?

A

mixture

53
Q

What is the bet explanation for why scientists concluded that electrons are part of every atom?

A

Cathode rays have the same properties regardless of cathode material.

54
Q

What step follows defining a problem?

A

Determining a design based on the criteria and constraints

55
Q

factor in an experiment that is changed to test the hypotheses

A

independent variable

56
Q

Which type of variable is observed or measured to determine the results of an experiment

A

dependent variable

Abeka Chemistry (6 decks)

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