Chapters 1-2

Question 1

A manner of two-dimensional representation in which the appearance of natural space and objects is recreated with the intention of fooling the eye of the viewer, who may be convinced that the subject actually exists in three-dimensional space.

Answer 1

trompe l’oeil

Question 2

The presence or emergence in a painting of earlier elements in a painting that have been changed and painted over.

Answer 2

pentimento

Question 3

From the French, “advance guard,”- those whose innovations are in advance of their time

Answer 3

avant-garde

Question 4

A female slave or concubine in a Turkish harem.

Answer 4

odalisque

Question 5

Referring to a drawing that presents a distorted image which appears in natural form when viewed at a raking angle.

Answer 5

anamorphic

Question 6

The belief in the existence of souls and the conviction that nonhuman things can also be endowed with a soul.

Answer 6

animism

Question 7

Handwriting as a form of art

Answer 7

calligraphy

Question 8

The literal, visible image in a work of art, as distinguished from its content, which includes the connotative, symbolic, and suggestive aspects of the image.

Answer 8

subject matter

Question 9

Any work of art that seeks to resemble the world of natural appearance

Answer 9

representational art

Question 10

The tendency to render the facts of existence, but, specifically, in the nineteenth century, the desire to describe the world in a way unadulterated by the imaginative and idealist tendencies of the romantic sensibility.

Answer 10

realism

Question 11

the literal shape and mass of an object or figure. The materials used to make a work of art, the way in which these materials are used in terms of the formal elements, and the composition that results.

Answer 11

form

Question 12

The meaning of an image, beyond its overt subject matter, as opposed to form.

Answer 12

content

Question 13

The study or description of images and symbols

Answer 13

Iconography

Question 14

“Image breakers,” those who, taking the Bible’s commandment against the worship of “graven” images literally, wished to destroy images in religious settings.

Answer 14

iconoclasts

Question 15

A drawing or painting so realistic in appearance that it appears to be a photograph

Answer 15

photorealistic

Question 16

The rendering of images and objects in a stylized or simplified way, so that though they remain recognizable, their formal or expressive aspects are emphasized.

Answer 16

abstract

Question 17

Art that makes no reference to the natural world and that explores the inherent expressive or aesthetic potential of the formal elements and the formal compositional principles of a given medium.

Answer 17

nonobjective

Question 18

a brand of representation in which the artist retains apparently realistic elements but presents the visual world from a distinctly personal or subjective point of view.

Answer 18

naturalism

Question 19

the organization of the formal elements in a work of art

Answer 19

composition

Question 20

images that represent something more than their literal meaning

Answer 20

symbols