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ENGR 202 > Chapters 1-2-12 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-2-12 Flashcards

1
Q

health effects classified as (3)

A

1) Acute
2) Chronic
3) carcinogen

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2
Q

CAA

A

Clean Air act

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3
Q

EPA

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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4
Q

NAAQS

A

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

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5
Q

SIPs

A

State Implementation Plans

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6
Q

List Air Pollutants

A

1) PM- mixture small liquid or solid particles in air
2) Sulfur Dioxide (S02)- released from combustion of coal MAY UNDERGO CHEMICAL REACTION CAUSING ACID RAIN
3) Carbon Monoxide- Fossil fuel burned
4) NO2- From fuel combustion- at hight temperature NO oxidizes and forms NO2
5) OZONE O3- transportation sector main source- oxidant- smog
6) Lead- Bioaccumulation… from smelting

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7
Q

HAPs

A

Hazardous air pollutants

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8
Q

MACT

A

Maximum Available control technology

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9
Q

TRI

A

toxic release inventory

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10
Q

What is stratospheric ozone depletion

A

stratosphere absorbs UV-B rays, but as halocarbons are emitted to the atmosphere, they reduce the amount of ozone and more UV-B pass

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11
Q

Explain Greenhouse gases

A

solar energy from sin at short wavelengths that are partially absorbed by earth’s surface. warmed surfaces radiate energy back and this energy gets trapped in the atmosphere at longer wavelengths. the balance of this phenomenon determines temperature

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12
Q

avg. temperature on earth

A

15

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13
Q

GWP

A

Global warming potential

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14
Q

Main Greenhouse gases

A

CO2- 85%
CH4- 10%
halocarbons, N20 (laughing gas), O3 (ozone)

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15
Q

Major Water contaminants (9)

A

1) Pathogens - bacteria, viruses
2) Organic Waste- Human waste & animal excrement…
3) Nutrients- Nitrogen & Phosphorus used in fertilizers and detergents increase quantity algae…. Depletion of dissolved oxygen
4) Toxic Organic Chemicals - PESTICIDES, VOCs
5) Toxic Metals- lead form old pipes
6) Suspended Solids- sun cant go through and vegetation cant survive
7) acidity- biological processes impaired
8) SALTS
9) Heat- biological processes impaired at high temperature

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16
Q

TSS

A

Total Suspended Solids

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17
Q

TDS

A

Total dissolved solids

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18
Q

SWDA

A

SAFE WATER DRINKING ACT, established by EPA

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19
Q

MCLs

A

Max. contaminant levels

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20
Q

FWPCA

A

Federal water Pollution Control Act

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21
Q

Name the 3 Obstacles to clean groundwater

A

1) Petroleum
2) Nitrates From Fertilizers
3) Abandoned Chemical Waste dumps

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22
Q

Hazardous wastes are described by:

A

1) IGNITABILITY
2) CORROSIVITY- STRONG ACID BASES
3) REACTIVITY- STRONG REACTIONS
4) TOXICITY- ABILITY TO THREATEN WATER AND SOIL

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23
Q

TCLP

A

toxicity characteristic Leaching procedure

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24
Q

CERCLA

A

comprehensive environmental response, compensation, liability act

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25
Q

NON-HAZARDOUS WASTES

A

1) Trash
2) MSW- Municipal waste
3) Industrial wastes

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26
Q

AEC

A

Atomic Energy Commission

27
Q

Name the 4 types of radioactive wastes

A

1) High lever—- MOST DANGEROUS
2) Transuranic – HEAVIER THAN URANIUM, from weapon production
3) Low level (LLW)- 3 classes A,B,C—- C most dangerous
4) Uranium Mill tailings– largest volume

28
Q

What is climate??

A

“Average weather” over 30 year span…. determined by complex interactions of many factors

29
Q

Heat flux

A

radiative energy per surface area ( FROM SUN)

30
Q

Tropopause

A

Upper boundary of troposphere

31
Q

what is radiative forcing?

A

delta F= delta q… depends on wavelength, speed and frequency…

32
Q

what would be the temp. without greenhouse gases

A

-19

33
Q

what is the climate sensitivity factor

A

ratio of final Temp. change to change in radiative forcing…. very important since it relates radiative forces linked to greenhouse to change in earth’s temp.

34
Q

Name the 4 factors that affect CO2 emissions growth

A

1) Population growth per year
2) GDP per Capita
3) Energy intensity… Energy used per GDP
4) CO2 emissions per unit energy… how energy is generated

35
Q

what is carbon sequestration

A

natural ability of biomass to absorb CO2 form the atmosphere

36
Q

main source CO2

A

burning fossil fuels

37
Q

HHV

A

Higher heating value

38
Q

LHV

A

Lower heating value

39
Q

Environmental ENGR

A

study of engineering solutions to environment problems

40
Q

what is industrial ecology

A

means by which humanity can approach and maintain a certain carrying capacity

41
Q

Major gas emitted from landfill?

A

CH4–60%

42
Q

Pollutants responsible for ground level Ozone

A

VOCs and NOx… enter in contact with sun rays and create chemical reaction

43
Q

which are most energy? UV-C,B or A?

A

UV-C

44
Q

Name the rays in order form strong to low

A

gamma- xrays- ultraviolet- visible light-infrared- microwaves-radio

45
Q

Name activities impacting air quality

A

1) Fossil Fuel Combustion
2) Metal Smelting
3) Transportation
4) CFCs

46
Q

Name activities impacting soil

A

1) deforestation
2) human wastes
3) agriculture
4) uranium mill tailings

47
Q

Primary vs. Secondary water quality standards?

A

Primary: Designed to protect public health
Secondary: guidelines for public welfare

48
Q

Smoke vs. Smog?

A

Smoke: Gases from burning carbon containing elements
Smog: Produced by the formation of O3, the reaction of so2 and nox in the atmosphere

49
Q

wavelength for ultraviolet?

A

100nm

50
Q

wavelength infrared?

A

10 micro meters

51
Q

Avg. production of solid waste per capita per day

A

100kg

52
Q

what is the atmospheric window?

A

In one small region of spectrum, where little absortion occurs. radiation from earth go directly through atmosphere

53
Q

Advantage of Biomass energy?

A

Produces almost no SO2 and helps with acid rain

54
Q

carbon content of natural gas?

A

74%

55
Q

Carbon content of crude oil?

A

85%

56
Q

carbon content of coal?

A

59%

57
Q

What are the two modes of radiative Forcing?

A

1) Increased Solar Energy input

2) increased aerosol particles

58
Q

BOD

A

Biological oxygen demand

59
Q

COD

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand

60
Q

VOC

A

Volatile Organic COmpound

61
Q

RCRA

A

Resource conservation and recovery act

62
Q

IPCC

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

63
Q

CFC

A

Chlorofluorocarbon

64
Q

What is Green Engineering

A

thinking about the consequences of Processes and materials and energy use before designing to minimize environmental impact

ENGR 202 (1 decks)

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