Chapters 1-13 Flashcards
What can plants do that animals cannot?
Make food from non-living material (sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water)
What organisms are in kingdom fungi?
Mushrooms, puffballs, yeasts, molds, mildews, truffles
What important function in nature do mushrooms serve?
Decomposition- break down dead trees and other plant life, returning to the soil
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
What is symbiosis? Give an example from Chapter 2
Symbiosis is two organisms that live together to the benefit of both. Example: lichen- a layer of algae sandwiched between two layers of fungi. Algae produce food for the fungi. Fungi shield the algae and break rocks into minerals the algae can use for food production.
What characteristic is shared by all members of kingdom Protista?
All protista have only a single cell.
Name the five kingdom.
Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista, Bacteria
What does anaerobic mean?
LIfe without air
What does the Latin word for rodent mean?
To gnaw
Who developed the scientific naming (binomial classification) system?
Carl Linnaeus
What two parts from the scientific name?
Genus and Species (Genus is the group name. Species is the specific name.)
What is zoology?
The study of animals
What is botany?
The study of plants
When a seed starts to grow, it is said to _____________.
germinate
What is a biennial?
A plant that has a two-year life cycle (seeds produced in second year)
What is an annual?
A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season
What is a perennial?
A plant that lives for several years before producing fruit and seeds
What is the “food factory” of the plant?
The leaves of the plant
What gives leaves their green color?
chlorophyll
What is the first step in digestion? How does this step promote digestion?
The first step in digestion is mechanical digestion-chewing food into smaller pieces. Small pieces of food are more easily altered by chemical action, the next step in digestion.
what are the five types of tastes?
Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami
What chemical in the stomach helps digest protein?
pepsin
What chemical in the stomach improves the action of pepsin?
hydrochloric acid
What do spiders prey upon?
Insects and other small life
What are the two varieties of spiders in the United States that can harm humans?
The black widow and the brown recluse
Where does the word arachnid come from?
The word arachnid comes from the Greek myth of Arachne, a girl whose weaving of cloth was so skillful that the Greek gods grew jealous and turned her into a spider, condemned to weave webs forever.
What feature is common to all arthropods?
Exoskeleton- a hard outer covering that gives structure and protection to the arthropod
Of what is the exoskeleton made?
Chitin- a compound similar to the material that makes human fingernails
Which phylum has the most numerous species?
Arthropod
What are the five types of vertebrates that are well known to humans?
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Are fish cold-blooded or warm-blooded
cold-blooded
What does amphibian mean?
“Life on both sides,” referring to water and land
Are amphibians cold-blooded or warm-blooded?
cold-blooded
How do reptiles gain the heat they need to be active?
Reptiles are cold-blooded, so they must gain their heat from the warmth of the sun.
What is torpor?
A state of inactivity
State the classification for snakes, including class, order, and suborder.
class: Reptile; order: Squamata; suborder: Serpent
What information does a snake gather as it flicks its forked tongue in and out?
The tongue collects airborne chemicals that tell it where prey might be. Its function is similar to the sense of smell.
What mammal can actually fly?
bat
What does nocturnal mean?
“active at night”
What does diurnal mean?
“active during the day”
What is the largest mammal?
blue whale
What is the largest land mammal?
elephant
