Chaptern32 — sponges

Question 1

Animal defining traits:

Answer 1

Multicellular eukaryotes

Heterotrophic

structural protein (rather than cell walls)

nervous and muscle tissue

Question 2

Groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit

Answer 2

Tissues

Question 3

Characteristics of animal reproduction

Answer 3

mostly sexual

Diploid stage dominate

Sperm and egg cells are produced by meiotic divisions

Question 4

Succession of cell division with out growth between divisions

Answer 4

Cleavage

Question 5

Blastula

Answer 5

Result of cleavage

• often in form of a hollow ball of cells

Question 6

Bastula undergoes ______

Answer 6

Gastrulation

Question 7

Process that forms a gastrula with different layers of embryonic tissues

Answer 7

Gastrulation

Question 8

Characteristics of larva:

Answer 8

Sexually immature

Morphologically and behaviorally distinct from adult stage

Question 9

Process in which larvae become juveniles

Answer 9

Metamorphosis

Question 10

Unique family of regulatory genes
– control the expression of many other genes that influence morphology

Answer 10

Hox genes

Question 11

Closest living relatives to modern animals

Answer 11

Choanoflagellates

Question 12

fossils classified as (or closely related to):

Mollusks

Sponges

Cnidarians

Answer 12

Ediacaran Fossils

Question 13

Parts arranged on a single axis

Ex: most cnidarians, jellyfish, sea anemone

Answer 13

Radial symmetry

Question 14

Parts arranged around two axes

Ex: people, owl, lobster

Answer 14

Bilateral symmetry

Question 15

Characteristics of bilaterians

Answer 15

Bilaterally symmetric form

Complete digestive tract

Digestive system with mouth and anus at opposite ends

Question 16

Platyhelminthes

Answer 16

Lophotrochozoa

Question 17

Syndermata

Answer 17

Lophotrochozoa

Question 18

Ectoprocta

Answer 18

Lophotrochozoa

Question 19

Brachiopoda

Answer 19

Lophotrochozoa

Question 20

Annelida

Answer 20

Lophotrochozoa

Question 21

Mollusca

Answer 21

Lophotrochozoa

Question 22

Gastrotricha

Answer 22

Lophotrochozoa

Question 23

Cycliophora

Answer 23

Lophotrochozoa

Question 24

Nemertea

Answer 24

Lophotrochozoa

Question 25

Loricifera

Answer 25

Ecdysozoa

Question 26

Porifera

Answer 26

A sponge

Question 27

Basal animals that lack tissues

Answer 27

Sponges

Question 28

Central cavity where water is drawn

Answer 28

Spongocoel

Question 29

Where water flows out of sponges during filter feeding

Answer 29

Osculum

Question 30

Flagellated collar cells, engulf bacteria and food particles by phagocytosis

(sponge)

Answer 30

Choanocytes

Question 31

Gelatinous region that separates two layers of calls in sponges

Answer 31

Mesohyl

Question 32

Totipotent cells within the mesohyl that digest food, transport nutrients and make skeletal fibers

(Sponge)

Answer 32

Amoebocytes

Question 33

Most sponges are _______ meaning each functions as both male and female

Answer 33

Hermaphrodites

Question 34

Porifera skeletons are made up of:

Answer 34

Structural protein - collagen

Spongin - special forms of collagen

Spicules - composed of CaCo3 or Si