Chapter_6_ Personality Disorders Flashcards
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
**Cluster A **(Odd, eccentric) → Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Cluster B (Dramatic, emotional, erratic) → Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
Cluster C (Anxious, fearful) → Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive
What are the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing a personality disorder?
CAPRI mnemonic:
Cognition (perception of self/others)
Affect (emotional responses)
Personal relationships (interpersonal functioning)
Rigid and Impulsive behaviors
What are common comorbidities associated with personality disorders?
Mood disorders (Bipolar, Depression - esp. Cluster B)
Anxiety disorders (Cluster C)
Substance use disorders (esp. Antisocial, Borderline)
Psychotic disorders (Cluster A)
Which personality disorders are ego-syntonic vs. ego-dystonic?
Ego-syntonic (consistent with self, low insight) → All except Borderline
Ego-dystonic (distressing, patient wants change) → Borderline, Avoidant, OCD NOT OCPD
Mnemonic for remembering the three clusters?
A (Weird) PSS → Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
B (Wild) H BAN → Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
C (Worried) DOA → Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive
Which cluster is associated with psychotic disorders?
Cluster A
Which cluster is associated with mood disorders?
Cluster B
Which cluster is associated with anxiety disorders?
Cluster C
Prevalence of personality disorders?
~10-15% of the population
Most common personality disorder in psychiatric inpatients?
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
What are the core features of Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD)?
SUSPECT mnemonic:
Suspicious of others
Unforgiving (holds grudges)
Spouse/partner infidelity suspected
Perceives attacks (quick to react)
Enemy-finding (sees others as threats)
Confiding in others is feared
Threats perceived in benign remarks
Difference between PPD & schizophrenia?
PPD lacks fixed delusions or hallucinations
Schizophrenia has clear psychotic features
Common defense mechanism in PPD?
Projection
Treatment for Paranoid Personality Disorder?
Individual therapy, avoid group therapy
Why is group therapy avoided in PPD?
Distrust of others makes group setting ineffective
Core features of Schizoid Personality Disorder?
Distant, emotionally detached, solitary lifestyle
Limited pleasure in activities
Indifferent to praise or criticism
Schizoid vs. Avoidant PD?
Schizoid: No desire for social relationships
Avoidant: Desires social contact but fears rejection
Treatment for Schizoid Personality Disorder?
Supportive therapy, social skills training
Do schizoid patients desire relationships?
No
Core features of Schizotypal Personality Disorder?
Odd beliefs, magical thinking, paranoia, eccentric behavior
Schizotypal vs. Schizophrenia?
Schizotypal: No full-blown psychosis
Schizophrenia: Hallucinations, delusions
Premorbid personality type for schizophrenia?
Schizotypal PD
Treatment for Schizotypal Personality Disorder?
Psychotherapy, low-dose antipsychotics if necessary
What are the DSM-5 criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)?
CORRUPT mnemonic:
Cannot follow law
Obligations ignored
Remorseless
Reckless disregard
Underhanded (deceitful)
Planning deficit (impulsive)
Temper (aggressive)
Age requirement for ASPD?
At least 18 years old
Childhood precursor for ASPD?
Conduct Disorder
Why is therapy ineffective for ASPD?
Lack of remorse, low motivation for change
Core symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)?
Unstable relationships, mood, impulsivity, self-harm, fear of abandonment
Mnemonic for BPD?
IMPULSIVE Mnemonic for BPD Symptoms
I – Impulsive (self-damaging behaviors like reckless spending, substance abuse, binge eating)
M – Mood instability (rapid mood shifts, intense emotional responses)
P—Paranoia or dissociation (stress-related paranoid thoughts or dissociation)
U—Unstable self-image (identity disturbance, chronic feelings of emptiness)
L—Labile relationships (intense, unstable interpersonal relationships with idealization and devaluation)
S—Suicidal behavior (recurrent suicidal gestures, threats, or self-harm)
I—Inappropriate anger (difficulty controlling anger, frequent outbursts)
V—Vulnerable to abandonment (frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment)
E—Emptiness (chronic feelings of emptiness)
Best therapy for BPD?
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
Common defense mechanism in BPD?
Splitting
Adjunct medications for BPD?
Mood stabilizers, low-dose antipsychotics, SSRIs
What are the DSM-5 criteria for Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD)?
AFRAID mnemonic:
Avoids occupation
Fear of embarrassment
Reserved
Always rejection-focused
Isolates
Distances self
AVPD vs. Social Anxiety Disorder?
SAD: Anxiety about social situations
AVPD: Fear of rejection in all relationships
Mnemonic for Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD)?
OBEDIENT
Obsessive about approval
Bound to others
Enterprises rarely initiated
Difficult making decisions
Invalid feelings alone
Engrossed in self-reliance fears
Needs relationship
Tentative about decisions
Key features of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
Perfectionism, rigidity, orderliness
OCPD vs. OCD?
OCPD: Ego-syntonic (doesn’t see a problem)
OCD: Ego-dystonic (wants to change)
What is Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition?
New-onset personality traits due to brain injury or disease
Which personality disorder has the highest genetic component?
Schizotypal & Antisocial PD
What is Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD)?
A personality disorder characterized by extreme fear of rejection and avoidance of social situations.
AFRAID mnemonic: Avoids occupation, Fear of embarrassment, Reserved, Always rejection-focused, Isolates, Distances self.
What are the DSM-5 criteria for AVPD?
The criteria include avoidance of occupational activities, fear of embarrassment, and a focus on rejection.
AFRAID mnemonic: Avoids occupation, Fear of embarrassment, Reserved, Always rejection-focused, Isolates, Distances self.
How does AVPD differ from Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?
SAD involves anxiety about specific social situations, while AVPD involves a pervasive fear of rejection in all relationships.
What is Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD)?
A personality disorder marked by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviors.
OBEDIENT mnemonic: Obsessive about approval, Bound to others, Enterprises rarely initiated, Difficult making decisions, Invalid feelings alone, Engrossed in self-reliance fears, Needs relationship, Tentative about decisions.
What are the key features of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
Key features include perfectionism, rigidity, and orderliness.
How does OCPD differ from OCD?
OCPD is ego-syntonic (the individual does not see a problem), while OCD is ego-dystonic (the individual wants to change).
What is Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition?
It refers to new-onset personality traits that arise due to brain injury or disease.
Which personality disorder has the highest genetic component?
Schizotypal and Antisocial Personality Disorders.
What is Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?
Anxiety about social situations.
What is Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD)?
Fear of rejection in all relationships.
What is the primary characteristic of conduct disorder?
A pattern of behavior that violates the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms.
True or False: Conduct disorder is only diagnosed in children and adolescents.
True
Fill in the blank: Conduct disorder can lead to issues such as _______ and _______.
academic failure, legal problems
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of conduct disorder?
A) Aggression towards people
B) Lying or stealing
C) Excessive shyness
D) Destruction of property
C) Excessive shyness
What are two common risk factors associated with conduct disorder?
Family history of mental illness, exposure to violence
