Chapter4 Flashcards
Which are characteristics of good requirements?
- Verifiable
- Traceable
- Implementation dependent
- Flexible
- Achievable
Verifiable, traceable, achievable
Which are characteristics of good requirements?
- Necessary and complex
- Consistent
- Implementation Independent
- Complete
- Interpretive
Consistent, implementation independent, complete
(others include: necessary, clear & concise, achievable, traceable, and verifiable)
What do the following questions determine?
- Is unnecessary risk being introduced?
- Is the technology producible?
- Are sufficient resources available to move forward?
- Are trade studies needed to determine appropriate ranges of performance?
Adverse consequences of derived requirements
What is the purpose of the utilization life cycle stage?
To operate the system to satisfy users’ needs.
Controls and Enablers to most technical processes include which of the following:
A) Measurements
B) Industry Standards
C) Organizational Policies and Procedures
D) Project Infrastructure
B, C, D
Define verification
System verification addresses whether the system, its elements, and its interfaces satisfy their requirements.
What is the purpose of the Concept life cycle stage?
To refine stakeholder’s needs, explore feasible concepts, and propose viable solutions.
What is a function?
A function is a characteristic task, action, or activity that must be performed to achieve a desired outcome.
The system requirements resulting from the Requirements Analysis Process include:
A) Technical Requirements
B) Performance Requirements
C) Functional Requirements
D) Architectural Contraints
B, C, D
Controls for most technical processes do not include:
A) Source Documents
B) Industry Standards
C) Project Policies and Procedures
D) Project Constraints
A, D
Technical Processes enable which of the following:
A) delivering the required services via the developed system
B) sustain the system
C) transform the system
D) dispose of the system
A B D
How can a function be accomplished?
A function may be accomplished by one or more system elements comprised of hardware, software, firmware, facilities, personnel, and procedural data.
Name the agreement processes.
Aquisition and supply.
List the 11 technical processes.
- Stakeholder requirements definition
- requirements analysis
- architectural design
- implementation
- integration
- verification
- transition
- validation
- operation
- maintenance
- disposal
What is the purpose of the Production life cycle stage?
To produce, inspect, and test (verify) systems.
Technical Processes are enabled by project and organizational infrastructures.
True
What is the purpose of the Retirement life cycle stage?
To store, archive, or dispose of a system.
What are the decision options when transitioning through the life cycle stages?
- Proceed with next stage
- proceed and respond to action items
- Continue the current stage
- Return to a preceding stage
- Hold project activity
- Terminate project
Technical Processes are enabled by which of the following:
A) Org policies, procedures & standards
B) Industry best practicies
C) Project Infrastructure
A, C
What are the life cycle stages?
- exploratory research
- concept
- development
- production
- utilization
- support
- retirement
What is the purpose of the Development life cycle stage?
To refine system requirements, create a solution description, build system, and verify & validate the system.
define “system”
A combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes.
What does the Systems Integration function include?
The SI function includes the integration and assebly of the system with emphasis on risk management and continuing verification of all external and internal interfaces (physical, functional, and logical).
In addition to Measures of Performance, System Functional Interfaces, and Verification Criteria which of the following are outputs of the Requirements Analysis process?
A) System Element Requirements
B) Updated RVTM
C) System Requirements Traceability
D) Specification Tree
E) System Specification
B, C, D, E
What are the organizational project enabling processes?
- project portfolio management
- infrastructure management
- life cycle model management
- human resource management
- quality management
Outputs of the Requirements Analysis process include:
A) Initial RVTM
B) System Requirements
C) System Functions
D) Specification Tree
E) Specification Traceability
B, C, D
define “systems engineering”
an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems
Which of the following are basic verification activities?
Inspection
Analysis
Diagnosis
Accreditation
Inspection, analysis
Other basic activities include: demonstration, test, and certification.
What can ConOps (concept of operations) help identify?
Adverse consequences of derived requirements by asking:
- Is unnecessary risk being introduced?
- Is the technology producible?
- Are sufficient resources available to move forward?
- Are trade studies needed to determine appropriate ranges of performance?
Inputs to the Stakeholder Requirements Definition include:
A) Source Documents
B) Stakeholder Needs
C) Concept Documents
D) Project Constraints
E) Measurements of Performance
A,B, D
Industry Standards, Project Policies & Procedures, agreements, laws & regulations, and project directives are what to the Technical Processes?
A) Inputs
B) Enablers
C) Controls
D) Outputs
C
What is the purpose of Exploratory Research?
To identify stakeholder’s needs and explore ideas and technologies.
Outputs of the Stakeholder Requirements Definition process include:
A) Concept Documents
B) Measures of effectiveness
C) Validation criteria
D) Updated RVTM
E) Requirement Traceability
A, B, C, E
Inputs to the Requirements Analysis include:
A) Concept Documents
B) Stakeholder Requirements
C) Initial RVTM
D) Stakeholder Requirements Traceability
E) Measurements of Effectiveness
A,B, C, D, E
Technical Processes are used to:
A) define system requirements
B) define a system engineering plan
C) transform requirements into an effective product
D) facilitate consistent reproduction of the product
E) provide technical and administrative direction
A, C, D
What is the purpose of the support life cycle stage?
To provide sustained system capability.
Controls provide ____ to process activities?
Contraints and Directives
Outputs of process activities include….?
Processed Data
Products and/or services
In a context diagram, the inputs to process activities generally cover…?
Data and material
_____ are enablers of process activities.
resources, tools, and technologes
(resources might include infrastructure, workforce, etc)
At its core, what is a system?
A system is a combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes.
What is systems engineering?
An interdisciplinary approach an means to enable the realization of successful systems.
Developing a system of systems does not include which of the following challenges:
A) Risk management
B) Elements operate independently
C) Requirement ambiguity and fuzzy boundaries
D) Complexity
E) Analysis paralysis
A and E
Three of the 10 Principles of Decision Making are:
A) Clearly establish objectives and trade-offs
B) Evaluate the Life Cycle Model
C) Discover and frame the real problem
D) Use dialog to foster learning and clarity of action
A, C, D
Good decision making calls for:
A) using a value creation lens for developing and evaluating opportunities
B) understaind the business situation
C) identifying the key stakeholders
D) eliminating unnecessary risk
E) fostering interaction
A, B
Good decision making calls for:
A) developing and creating unique alternatives
B) identifying SMEs and gathering relevant information
C) embracing uncertainty
D) avoiding analysis paralysis
E) connecting the dot between current and future situations
All of the above
Which of the following are strengths of Plan Driven Development?
A) Maintainability
B) Flexibility
C) Stability
D) Repeatability
C and D
The missing two are Predictability and High Assurance.
Agility in development is a method to perform incremental and iterative development. What are not the goals and ueses?
A) Goal is to provide structure for change management
B) Used when the requirements are defined and the solution is prototyped
C) Goal is to provide rapid value and responsiveness
D) Used when the requirements are fluid and technology is unknown
E) Used when the requirements are unclear and there is a possiblity of adopting new technology
A, B, D
Which of the following are not aspects of the Life Cycle?
A) Business case
B) Management
C) Funding
D) Product
E) Disposal
B and E
At each gate in the development process a decision can be made regarding the project progress. Which of the choices below are possible decisions?
A) Change direction
B) Acceptance
C) Terminate
D) Conditional acceptance
B, C, D
Unacceptable decisions could lead to putting a project on hold, returning to an earlier stage, or repeating a review.
