chapter4

Question 1

struggles

Answer 1

to contend resolutely with a task, problem, etc.; strive:

to struggle for existence.

Question 2

proriferous

Answer 2

Origin of poriferous.

Question 3

porcelain

Answer 3

a strong, vitreous, translucent ceramic material, biscuit-fired at a low temperature, the glaze then fired at a very high temperature.

Question 4

textiles

Answer 4

any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting.

Question 5

flourishing

Answer 5

growing vigorously; thriving; prosperous.

Question 6

bazaars

Answer 6

a marketplace or shopping quarter, especially one in the Middle East.

Question 7

homadic elite

Answer 7

the choice or best of anything considered collectively, as of a group or class of persons.

Question 8

grant

Answer 8

to bestow or confer, especially by a formal act:

Question 9

adultery

Answer 9

voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than his or her lawful spouse.

Question 10

restriction

Answer 10

somethimg that restricts a restrictive condiction or regulation;limitation.

Question 11

secluded

Answer 11

sheltered or screened from general activity,view,etc.

Question 12

al-razi

Answer 12

is the title of several iranian scholars who were born in the town of rey iran.

Question 13

ibn khaldun

Answer 13

1332-1406,arab historian and philosopher.

Question 14

innovations

Answer 14

something new or diffferent introduced.

Question 15

muezzins

Answer 15

the crier who from a minaret or other high part of a mosque,at stated hours five times daily, intones aloud the call summoning muslims to prayer

Question 16

alhambra

Answer 16

a palace ans citadel of the moorish kings in granada spain built chiefly between 1248 and 1354.

Question 17

minaret

Answer 17

a lofty often slender, tower or turret attached toa a mosque , surrounded or furnished with one or more blaconies from
which the muezzin calls the people to prayer