Chapter3 The Cell Study Guide

Question 1

3 concepts known as the cell theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things
3. All cells come from other cells

Question 2

What 4 primary elements are cells made of?

Answer 2

1. Hydrogen
2. Oxygen
3. Carbon
4. Nitrogen

Question 3

The phospholipid tails are _______ which make the plasma membrane impermeable to _______

Answer 3

Hydrophobic (water hating) ; water

Question 4

How many phospholipid layers does the plasma membrane have?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

Regulate what enters and exits the cell

Question 6

Chromatin and chromosomes both contain

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

Where are ribosomes found in the cell?

Answer 7

Rough E.R.

Question 8

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ______

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

What are the three major components of the cytoplasm

Answer 9

1. Cytosol
2. Organelles
3. Inclusions

Question 10

What is the cell structure that propels the cell with a long tail?

Answer 10

Flagella

Question 11

__________ bind cells together into leakproof sheets. This prevents the leaking of fluids

Answer 11

Tight junctions

Question 12

___________ are anchoring junctions that prevent cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart

Answer 12

Desmosomes

Question 13

_________ allow nutrients or ions to pass directly through from cell to cell

Answer 13

Gap junctions

Question 14

Intracellular fluid is made up of ________ and __________

Answer 14

Cytosol and nucleoplasm

Question 15

List the 4 types of passive transports we discussed

Answer 15

1. Osmosis
2. Diffusion
3. Facilitated diffusion
4. Filtration

Question 16

During osmosis how does the water pass through the membrane?

Answer 16

Aquaporins

Question 17

During facilitated diffusion how do the substances pass through the plasma membrane?

Answer 17

Protein carrier

Question 18

With passive transport, molecules move from a ______ concentration to a ______ concentration

Answer 18

Higher to a lower

Question 19

What type of energy is required with passive transport?

Answer 19

None

Question 20

A solution that contains fewer solutes is a ____________ solution

Answer 20

Hypotonic

Question 21

A solution that contains more solutes than water is a ___________ solution

Answer 21

Hypertonic

Question 22

List the different types of active process that we discussed

Answer 22

1. Active transport

2. Vascular transport

Question 23

What type of energy for active transport require?

Answer 23

ATP

Question 24

During active transport molecules move form _________ concentration to a ____________ concentration

Answer 24

Lower to a higher

Question 25

__________ moves substances outside using a vesicle

Answer 25

Exocytosis

Question 26

List the 2 types of endocytosis and identify their function

Answer 26

Phagocytosis: (cell eating) Pinocytosis: (cell drinking)

Question 27

DNA replication takes place during which period of the cell?

Answer 27

Interphase

Question 28

what are the base pairing sales for DNA?

Answer 28

A&T (Together) C&G (Together)

Question 29

List the stages of cell division in order

Answer 29

1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Telophase 4. Anaphase

Question 30

What is the purpose of mitosis

Answer 30

DNA Replication

Question 31

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 31

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 32

What are the 2 phases of protein synthesis

Answer 32

1. Transcription | 2. Translation

Question 33

What is the purpose to transcription?

Answer 33

Transfer of DNA's base sequence (A,C,G,T) to mRNA sequence (A,C,G,U)

Question 34

What are the 3 bases found in mRNA called?

Answer 34

Codons

Question 35

During transcription RNA replaces Thymine (T) with ___________

Answer 35

U

Question 36

Which RNA carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein?

Answer 36

The tRNA

Question 37

Which RNA contains an anticodon?

Answer 37

The tRNA

Question 38

Captures energy to produce ATP

Answer 38

Mitochondria

Question 39

Packages substances for release from the cell

Answer 39

Golgi apparatus

Question 40

Increases surfaces area of plasma membrane for absorption

Answer 40

Microvilli

Question 41

Synthesizes cholesterol and fat

Answer 41

smooth E.R.

Question 42

Uses oxygen to detoxify harmful substances

Answer 42

Peroxisomes

Question 43

Genetic control center of the cell

Answer 43

Nucleus

Question 44

Internal framework composed of a network of protein structures

Answer 44

Cytoskeleton

Question 45

Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules

Answer 45

Centrioles

Question 46

Site of protein synthesis

Answer 46

Ribosomes

Question 47

Propels the cell itself

Answer 47

Flagella

Question 48

Digest or demolish worn-out or non usable cell structure

Answer 48

Lysosomes

Question 49

Forms building materials of cellular membranes

Answer 49

Rough E.R.