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Medical Terminology Vett 118 > Chapter3 > Flashcards

Chapter3 Flashcards

1
Q

The musculoskeletal system consists of two systems that:

A

Work together to support the body and allow movement of an animal – the skeletal system and the muscular system.

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2
Q

Functions of red bone marrow:

A

Forms red blood cells, white blood cells and clotting cells.

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

Protects the ends of bones where they contact each other. Also found in the ear and nose.

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4
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone allowing animals to move

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5
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects bone to bone which supports joints

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6
Q

The skeletal system consists of

A

Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons

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7
Q

Connective tissue

A

A type of tissue in which the proportion of cells to extracellular matrix is small. It binds together and supports various structures of the body. Bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage are all connective tissues associated with the skeletal system.

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8
Q

Ossification

A

Formation of bone from fibrous tissue

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9
Q

epi-

A

Above

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10
Q

physis

A

Growth

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11
Q

dia-

A

Between

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12
Q

peri-

A

Surrounding

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13
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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14
Q

-um

A

Structure

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15
Q

endo-

A

Within or inner

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16
Q

meta-

A

Beyond

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17
Q

Cortical bone

A

Hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone.

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18
Q

Cortex in Latin means:

A

Bark or shall

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19
Q

Cancellus bone

A

Lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and in your portions of long bones.

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20
Q

Cancellous bone is also called:

A

Spongy bone

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21
Q

Cancellous in Latin means:

A

Latticework

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22
Q

Epiphysis

A

Wide end of a long bone, covered with articular Cartlidge, composed of cancellous bone.

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23
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone, composed mainly of compact bone.

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24
Q

Physis

A

Cartilage segment of long bones that involves growth of the bone.

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25
Q

Physis is also called:

A

Growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage

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26
Q

Metaphysis

A

Wider part of a long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis. Considered part of the epiphysis in adult animals

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27
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone.

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28
Q

Endosteum

A

Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity

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29
Q

Bone classification:

A 
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Pneumatic bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones
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30
Q

Long bones:

A

Consists of a shaft, two ends and a marrow cavity.

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31
Q

Short bones:

A

Cube-shaped with no marrow cavity

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32
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin, flat bones

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33
Q

Pneumatic bones:

A

Sinus-containing bones

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34
Q

Irregular bones

A

Unpaired bones such as vertebrae

35
Q

Sesamoid bones:

A

Small bones in bedded in a tendon, such as the patella

36
Q

Bone growth is balance between the actions of:

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

37
Q

Osteoblasts:

A

Immature bone cells that produce bony tissue

38
Q

Osteoclasts:

A

Phagocytic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of a bone

39
Q

When osteoblasts mature they become:

A

Osteocytes

40
Q

Red bone marrow is hematopoietic: Meaning is

A

Produces red blood cells, white blood cells and clotting cells

41
Q

The medullary cavity of bone

A

Contains yellow bone marrow. In adults it replaces red bone marrow. It is composed mainly of fat cells and serves as a fat storage area.

42
Q

Bone is divided into different categories based on:

A

Bone types, shapes and functions.

43
Q

Cartilage is more elastic then bone. This:

A

Elasticity makes it useful in the more flexible portions of the skeleton.

44
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Covers the joint surfaces of bone

45
Q

Meniscus

A

A curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions force is applied to the joint.

46
Q

Joints or articulations

A

Connections between bones.

47
Q

Articulate means:

A

To join in a way that allows motion between the parts.

48
Q

arthr/o

A

Combining form for joint

49
Q

Joints are classified based on their:

A

Function and degree of movement

50
Q

Synarthroses

A

Allow no movement

51
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Allow slight movement

52
Q

Diarthroses

A

Allow free movement

53
Q

Fontanelle

A

A soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth

54
Q

Symphysis

A

Join to where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone. Another term for it is cartilaginous joint

55
Q

Mandibular symphysis

A

Habs of the mandible fuse at a synthesis to form one bone

56
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Halves of the pelvis also fuse at a symphysis

57
Q

Bursae and synovial joints have an inner lining called the:

A

Synovial membrane

58
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth.

59
Q

Synovi/o

A

Combining form for synovial membrane and synovial fluid

60
Q

Axial skeleton

A

The framework of the body that includes the scull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

61
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consists of the extremities, shoulders and pelvic griddle

62
Q

Cranium

A

Portion of the skull that encloses the brain

63
Q

The cranium consist of the following bones:

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid
Incisive
Pterygoid
64
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forms the roof of the cranial cavity or front or cranial portion of the scull

65
Q

Parietal

A

Paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity

66
Q

Occipital bone

A

Forms the caudal aspect of the cranial cavity where the foramen magnum is located

67
Q

Foramen means:

A

An opening in bone through which tissue passes.

68
Q

Magnum means:

A

Large

69
Q

Temporal bone

A

Paired bones that form the sides and base of the cranium

70
Q

Sphenoid

A

Paired bones that form part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the bony eye socket

71
Q

Ethmoid

A

Forms the rostral part of the cranial cavity

72
Q

Incisive

A

Forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of the nares

73
Q

Pterygoid

A

Forms the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

74
Q

Sinuses

A

Air- or fluid-filled spaces in the scull

75
Q

Zygomatic

A

Projects from the temporal and frontal bones to form the cheekbone

76
Q

Maxilla

A

Forms the upper jaw

77
Q

Mandible

A

Forms the lower jaw

78
Q

Palatine

A

Forms part of the hard palate

79
Q

Lacrimal

A

Forms the medial part of the orbit

80
Q

Indecisive

A

Forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of the nares

81
Q

Nasal

A

Is the bridge of the nose

82
Q

Vomer

A

Forms the base of the nasal septum

83
Q

Hyoid

A

Bone suspended between the mandible and the laryngopharynx

Medical Terminology Vett 118 (1 decks)

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