Chapter3 Flashcards
The musculoskeletal system consists of two systems that:
Work together to support the body and allow movement of an animal – the skeletal system and the muscular system.
Functions of red bone marrow:
Forms red blood cells, white blood cells and clotting cells.
Cartilage
Protects the ends of bones where they contact each other. Also found in the ear and nose.
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone allowing animals to move
Ligaments
Connects bone to bone which supports joints
The skeletal system consists of
Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons
Connective tissue
A type of tissue in which the proportion of cells to extracellular matrix is small. It binds together and supports various structures of the body. Bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage are all connective tissues associated with the skeletal system.
Ossification
Formation of bone from fibrous tissue
epi-
Above
physis
Growth
dia-
Between
peri-
Surrounding
Oste/o
Bone
-um
Structure
endo-
Within or inner
meta-
Beyond
Cortical bone
Hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone.
Cortex in Latin means:
Bark or shall
Cancellus bone
Lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and in your portions of long bones.
Cancellous bone is also called:
Spongy bone
Cancellous in Latin means:
Latticework
Epiphysis
Wide end of a long bone, covered with articular Cartlidge, composed of cancellous bone.
Diaphysis
Shaft of a long bone, composed mainly of compact bone.
Physis
Cartilage segment of long bones that involves growth of the bone.
Physis is also called:
Growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage
Metaphysis
Wider part of a long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis. Considered part of the epiphysis in adult animals
Periosteum
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone.
Endosteum
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity
Bone classification:
Long bones Short bones Flat bones Pneumatic bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones
Long bones:
Consists of a shaft, two ends and a marrow cavity.
Short bones:
Cube-shaped with no marrow cavity
Flat bones
Thin, flat bones
Pneumatic bones:
Sinus-containing bones
Irregular bones
Unpaired bones such as vertebrae
Sesamoid bones:
Small bones in bedded in a tendon, such as the patella
Bone growth is balance between the actions of:
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Osteoblasts:
Immature bone cells that produce bony tissue
Osteoclasts:
Phagocytic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of a bone
When osteoblasts mature they become:
Osteocytes
Red bone marrow is hematopoietic: Meaning is
Produces red blood cells, white blood cells and clotting cells
The medullary cavity of bone
Contains yellow bone marrow. In adults it replaces red bone marrow. It is composed mainly of fat cells and serves as a fat storage area.
Bone is divided into different categories based on:
Bone types, shapes and functions.
Cartilage is more elastic then bone. This:
Elasticity makes it useful in the more flexible portions of the skeleton.
Articular Cartilage
Covers the joint surfaces of bone
Meniscus
A curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions force is applied to the joint.
Joints or articulations
Connections between bones.
Articulate means:
To join in a way that allows motion between the parts.
arthr/o
Combining form for joint
Joints are classified based on their:
Function and degree of movement
Synarthroses
Allow no movement
Amphiarthroses
Allow slight movement
Diarthroses
Allow free movement
Fontanelle
A soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth
Symphysis
Join to where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone. Another term for it is cartilaginous joint
Mandibular symphysis
Habs of the mandible fuse at a synthesis to form one bone
Pubic symphysis
Halves of the pelvis also fuse at a symphysis
Bursae and synovial joints have an inner lining called the:
Synovial membrane
Synovial membrane
Acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth.
Synovi/o
Combining form for synovial membrane and synovial fluid
Axial skeleton
The framework of the body that includes the scull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
Appendicular skeleton
Consists of the extremities, shoulders and pelvic griddle
Cranium
Portion of the skull that encloses the brain
The cranium consist of the following bones:
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid Incisive Pterygoid
Frontal bone
Forms the roof of the cranial cavity or front or cranial portion of the scull
Parietal
Paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity
Occipital bone
Forms the caudal aspect of the cranial cavity where the foramen magnum is located
Foramen means:
An opening in bone through which tissue passes.
Magnum means:
Large
Temporal bone
Paired bones that form the sides and base of the cranium
Sphenoid
Paired bones that form part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the bony eye socket
Ethmoid
Forms the rostral part of the cranial cavity
Incisive
Forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of the nares
Pterygoid
Forms the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
Sinuses
Air- or fluid-filled spaces in the scull
Zygomatic
Projects from the temporal and frontal bones to form the cheekbone
Maxilla
Forms the upper jaw
Mandible
Forms the lower jaw
Palatine
Forms part of the hard palate
Lacrimal
Forms the medial part of the orbit
Indecisive
Forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of the nares
Nasal
Is the bridge of the nose
Vomer
Forms the base of the nasal septum
Hyoid
Bone suspended between the mandible and the laryngopharynx
