Chapter25 Anus, Rectum, and postate

Question 1

Infants: DC

Answer 1

After eating—wave of peristalsis—gastrocolic reflex—continues throughout life but children and adults usually have 1-2 stools/day.
Voluntary control of external sphincter not achieved until 1½ to 2 years.

Question 2

Male puberty: DC

Answer 2

prostate gland- rapid increase to greater than twice its preubertal size

Question 3

prostate enlarges during middle adult years and

Answer 3

1-10 males have BPH at 40 years

Question 4

Diarrhea occurs with what 3 syndromes

Answer 4

gastroenteritis, colitis, irritable colon syndrome

Question 5

clay color stool

Answer 5

indicates absent bile pigment as with biliary cirrhosis, gallstones, alcoholic or viral hepatitis

Question 6

Early detection for cancer:

Answer 6

DRE performed annually after age 50 years
fecal occult blood test annually after age 50;

signmoidoscopy q5 or coloscopy q10 after 50 or 45 for african american

Question 7

When inspecting perianal area

Answer 7

spread the buttocks wide apart with both gloved hands and observe the perianal regional. Anus normally looks moist hairless with coarse, folded skin that is more pigmented than the perianal skin.

Question 8

Linear split

Answer 8

fissure

Question 9

flabby skin sac

Answer 9

hemorrhoid

Question 10

shiny blue skin sac

Answer 10

thromboses hemorrhoid

Question 11

what might indicate a pilonidal cyst

Answer 11

inflammation or tenderness, swelling, tuft hair or dimple at tip of coccyx

Question 12

how do you describe the location of abnormalities

Answer 12

in clock face terms with 12 as the anterior point towards the symphysis pubis and 6 position towards the coccyx

Question 13

Family history ask

Answer 13

polyps; cancer; inflammatory bowel disease; prostate

Question 14

People at risk for constipation:

Answer 14

older age, women, inactivity, low-calorie or low fiber low income or low educational level

Question 15

ColoRectal Cancer-

Answer 15

currently the 2nd leading cancer killer in the US. It is preventable. If 50 and older had regular screening, at least 60% of deaths from colon cancer should be avoid.

Question 16

Aging adult inspection

Answer 16

As an aging person performs the Valsalva maneuver you may not relation of the perianal musculature and decreased sphincter control. Otherwise the full examination proceeds as tat described earlier.

Question 17

genetic risk for prostate cancer

Answer 17

first degree relative (2-3xtimes likely) diets high in red and fatty meats. Ten times more likely if you have three or more family members with a history of prostate cancer