Chapter21

Question 0

What is IgG ?

Answer 0

Monomer, 80% of all circulating Ab and diverse antibodies in secondary response.

Question 1

What is IgM?

Answer 1

It’s a pentamer, released by plasma cells

Question 2

What’s IgE ?

Answer 2

Monomer that binds to mast cells and basophils, causing histamine release when activated.

Question 3

What’s IgD?

Answer 3

Monomer attached to surface B cells in B cell activation.

Question 4

What’s IgA?

Answer 4

Dimer, prevents attachment of pathogens to epi cells

Question 5

What’s specific immunity ?

Answer 5

Mounts attack against particular foreign substances and produce memory of pathogen.

Question 6

How interferon works?

Answer 6

1. )genes synthesized IFN
2. )activation is when host cell is innovated by virus
3. ) molecules leave the infected cell to neighboring cell.
4. ) interferon stimulates the neighboring cells to activate genes for PKR, blocking viral reproduction in neighboring cell.

Question 7

Complement interferon?

Answer 7

30 or so proteins that circulate in blood inactive form from c1/c4 killing bacteria and other pathogens.

Question 8

What Is a pathogen?

Answer 8

Foreign invator that may cause disease

Question 9

Nonspecific immunity types?

Answer 9

• first line of defense
  1. ) unbroken skin prevents entry of microorganisms.
  2. ) anti microbial proteins, phagocytes inhibit the spread of invators throughout body.

Question 10

Lymph nodes?

Answer 10

Function is filtration and immune system activation, they are imbedded in connective tissue and alone lymphatic vessels.

Question 11

Tonsils?

Answer 11

Simplest organ, that form a ring of lymphatic tissue around the pharynx

Question 12

Lymphocytes?

Answer 12

Manage the immune response and attach and destroy foreign cells. White pulp along the small branches of the splenic artery.

Question 13

Spleen?

Answer 13

Largest organ, beneath the diaphragm in left side abdominal cavity. Used for immune surveillance response and cleanses blood.

Question 14

What does the right lymphatic duct do?

Answer 14

Drains the right upper arm and right side of head and thorax.

Question 15

What’s the thoracic duct?

Answer 15

It arises from cisterna chyli and drains the rest of the body.

Question 16

Characteristics of lymph vessels?

Answer 16

They are like veins, thinner walls, more valves and bypass.

Question 17

Composition of lymph fluid ?

Answer 17

Mostly have water, low protein and detached cells

Question 18

Afferent lymph vessels lead into…..

Answer 18

The node along the convex surface, flowing into the sub capsular sinus and slowly through the cortex and medulla and leaves going into the three efferent lymph vessels that emerge from thr helium.

Question 19

Neutrophil process.

Answer 19

• When it detects bacteria in the immediate area, it’s lysosomes migrate to cell surface.
• Discharge from enzymes into tissue fluid
• reaction Called respiratory burst, absorbs oxygen and reduces superioxide anions which react with Hydrogen, then hydrogen peroxide.
• another produced is hypochlorite from chloride ions into tissue fluid?ALL VERY TOXIC!!!
• they form a killing zone to kill thr bacteria

Question 20

Naturally acquired immunity

Answer 20

Bacteria or viral infection

Question 21

Active artificially acquired immunity?

Answer 21

Vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogens

Question 22

Passive naturally acquired immunity ?

Answer 22

Mother to fetus via the placenta

Question 23

Passive artificially acquired immunity?

Answer 23

Injection of serum, or gamma globulin

Question 24

Hypersensitivities

Answer 24

1. ) anaphylactic shock
2. ) type 1 most common allergies
3. ) type 2 Also known as cytotoxic IgG and IgM attacks antigens to cell surfaces destroying platelets.
4. ) IgM and IgG forms antigen/ antibodies in blood vessels or in other tissues beneath the endothelium of blood.
5. ) cell meditated reaction, APC’s lymph nodes show antigens to helper T cells that promote cytotoxic T cells. Example is tuberculosis

Question 25

Autograph transplant

Answer 25

One site of body to another in the same person

Question 26

Isograph transplant

Answer 26

Between identical twins

Question 27

Allograph transplant

Answer 27

Transplants between the the same species

Question 28

Xenograph transplant

Answer 28

Another species

Question 29

Autoimmune diseases

Answer 29

Multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Graves’ disease, type 1 diabetes, diabetes mellitus, SLE, and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 30

HIV

Answer 30

• Destroys t4 cells
• multiples into lymph nodes throughout a long period a few months to ten years
• HIV protein attaches to CD4 receptor, then a near by protein fuses the virus to the target cell.
• the disease is now entered the cell and under going reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from viral RNA.
• Now producing RNA to infect other cells

Question 31

MHC

Answer 31

Enables immune system to recognize foreign androgens/ monocytes