Chapter1Vocab(Oxford)

Question 1

mole

Answer 1

The mole is an SI unit, symbol mol, defined as a fixed amount, n of a substance.

Question 2

Avogadro’s Constant

Answer 2

The mole is a number of particles called Avogadro’s constant with symbol L or N^A

Question 3

Isotopes

Answer 3

atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons in the nucleus but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

relative abundance

Answer 4

The relative abundance of each isotope is a measure of the percentage that occurs in a sample of the element.

Question 5

relative atomic mass

Answer 5

The relative atomic mass of an atom is a weighted average of the atomic masses of its isotopes and their relative abundance, with symbol A^r (ratio)

Question 6

relative molecular mass (relative formula mass)

Answer 6

The relative molecular mass for a molecule or formula unit is determined by combining the A^r values of the individual atoms or ions, with symbol M^r (ratio)

Question 7

molar mass

Answer 7

The molar mass is defined as the mass of one mole of a substance, with unit g mol^-1.

Question 8

Primary Standard

Answer 8

any substance of very high purity and large moler mass, which which when dissolved in a known volume of solvent creates a primary standard solution

Question 9

stoichiometry

Answer 9

stoichiometry is the quantitative method of examining the relative amounts of reactants and products.

Question 10

limiting reagent

Answer 10

a means of controlling the amount of products obtained

Question 11

in excess

Answer 11

the remaining reactants are present in amounts hat exceed those required to react with the limiting reagent

Question 12

theoretical yield

Answer 12

what is theoretically possible when a reaction is carried out under ideal conditions

Question 13

experimental yield

Answer 13

the actual amount produced in the reaction

Question 14

percentage yield

Answer 14

a comparison made between theoretical yield and experimental yield

Question 15

kinetic theory of gases

Answer 15

model used to explain and predict the behaviour of gases at a microscopic level

Question 16

postulate

Answer 16

assumptions that must be true for the theory to hold

Question 17

ideal gas

Answer 17

the postulates and the equations that follow from the kinetic theory

Question 18

pressure

Answer 18

the force exerted by a gas as its particles collide with a surface

Question 19

standard temperature and pressure (STP)

Answer 19

under the condition of 0˚C, or 273 K temperature and 100kPa pressure.

Question 20

molar volume of an ideal gas

Answer 20

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Question 21

Avogadro’s law

Answer 21

equal volumes of any gas measured at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules

Question 22

ideal gas equation

Answer 22

ideal gas equation describes a relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount, in mol, of gas particles

Question 23

solution

Answer 23

homogenous mixture of a solute that has been dissolved in a solvent

Question 24

molar concentration

Answer 24

the amount in mol of a substance dissolved in 1 dm^3 of solvent. 1dm^3 = 1 litre (1L)

Question 25

quantitative analysis

Answer 25

a range of laboratory techniques used to determine the amount or concentration of an analyte

Question 26

volumetric analysis

Answer 26

a quantitative technique used by chemists involving two solutions.

Question 27

tritration

Answer 27

A tritration involves a standard solution of known concentration which is a`dded to a solution of unknown concentration until the chemical reaction is complete