Chapter19 Flashcards
Suspect Classification
Classification of people on the basis of race ethnicity. The courts have ruled that laws classifying people on these grounds will be subject to strict scrutiny.
Civil Rights
The rights of citizens to vote, to receive equal treatment before the law, and to share equality with other citizens the benefits of public facilities (schools)
Jim Crow
A slang expression for African Americans that emerged in the in the 1820s and came to signify the laws and governmental practices designed to segregate blacks from whites, especially in the American South.
Separate-but-equal doctrine
The doctrine established in Pleesy v Ferguson (1896) in which the Supreme Court ruled that a state could provide “separate but equal” facilities for African Americans.
de jure segregation
Racial segregation that occurs because of laws administrative decisions by public agencies. Example state law required blacks and whites to attend separate schools or sit in separate sections of the bus de jure segregation occurred.
De facto segregation
Racial segregation that occurs not because of law or administrative decisions, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement. To the extent that blacks and whites live in separate neighborhoods, neighborhood schools will often be segregated.
Nonviolent civil disobedience
A philosophy opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully violating it and allowing ones sled to be punished as a result.
Strict scrutiny
The standard by which the Supreme Court judges classification based on race. To be accepted such classification must be closely related to a compelling public purpose.
Affirmative Action
The requirement, imposed by law or administrative regulation that an organization ( business gov. Agency, labor union, or school.) take positive steps to increase the number and proportion of women, African Americans, or other minorities in its membership.
Reverse discrimination
Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people.
Equality of opportunity
A view that it is wrong to use race or sex either to discriminate against or give preferential treatment to minorities or women.
Compensatory action
An action to designed to help members of disadvantaged groups, especially minorities and women , catch up, usually by giving them extra education, training, or services.
