Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

chapter 10-12 > chapter10-12 > Flashcards

chapter10-12 Flashcards

1
Q

Thermal local winds that occur in the ___________ during the warmer part of the year create Sea, Land, Mountain, Valley and Slope Breezes occur primarily because of ________ cooling and heating

A

MIDDLE LATITUDES

RADIATIONAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thermal local winds that depend on radiational cooling and heating are tied closely to the ________

A

TIME OF DAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A Sea Breeze refers to a local wind that flows from the ___ to the ____. Sea Breezes occur because the _______ of the land surface increases more rapidly than the temperature of the surface of the ___

A

SEA to the LAND
TEMPERATURE
SEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Sea Breeze is also accompanied by a very slight change in atmospheric ______which aids wind movement. A well-developed Sea Breeze will have winds of ________ will extend from the _____ up to as high as _____. above the surface.

A

PRESSURE
10 to 20 knots
SURFACE
3,000 FT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Above the Sea Breeze the wind will move back toward the sea creating a local circulation of low altitude winds flowing toward ______ with slightly higher altitude winds at about 6,000 feet flowing towards ______ which completes the Sea Breeze Circulation.

A

THE LAND

THE SEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A Sea Breeze describes ____air moving inland from the sea. Air movement occurs because the ____heats more rapidly than the sea and warm air rising over the land. Heating reduces pressure which creates a _______pressure gradient (very small gradient) creating enough difference to generate air movement

A

COOL
LAND
HORIZONTAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A Sea Breeze Front may develop along with the Sea Breeze. The Sea Breeze Front may be marked by a broken line of _______clouds. If sufficient instability exists, the Sea Breeze Front may be marked by a line of ________.

A

CUMULOUS

THUNDERSTORMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thermal winds are normally named for the _____ of the breeze and flow from _____to warm

A

SOURCE

COLD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sometimes, due to a Sea Breeze Front (very localized, very narrow), the _____ sea breeze forces warmer land-side air aloft which sometimes creates lower altitude _____ clouds at about 2,000’ – 3,000’

A

COOLER

CUMULOUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sometimes, sea breezes will flow around _____ near the coastlines and create convergence zones. A good local example is the flow around the Olympic Mountains which creates a _____zone in the vicinity of Seattle.

A

TERRAIN

CONVERGENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Land Breezes occur a few hours after ____ due to the more rapid cooling of the surface of the land compared to the surface of the ___, and work very much like the Sea Breeze except the circulation flows at low altitude toward the ___ and at higher ______toward the land

A

SUNSET
SEA
SEA
ALTITUDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Generally, a Land Breeze will be weaker than a _______ with winds of only about 5 knots and with the overall circulation only extending up to about ____ FEET

A

SEA BREEZE

2,00 FEET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A Valley Breeze is a circulation of air toward higher _____ that creates air that flows upslope, and has a corresponding circulation of air that flows out from the mountains at higher altitudes and then descends over the ______. The term for an upslope wind is ______

A

TERRAIN
LOWLANDS
ANABATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An Anabatic wind occurs because the air in the vicinity of ________ heat ____ than the air at the same altitude over lower elevations and the differential heating creates a very small differential ______ change which creates the wind flow.

A

MOUNTAIN SLOPES
FASTER
PRESSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Upslope and Valley Breezes usually reach maximum speeds during the middle of the _______with speeds of 5 to 20 knots. Because snow cover tends to reflect rather than absorb solar radiation, snow cover tends to reduce the effects of _____ and _____ breezes.

A

AFTERNOON
UPSLOPE
VALLEY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mountain Breezes occur primarily at _____ as the cooler air at higher altitude near the surfaces of mountain slopes cools more _____ than air at the same altitude over lower elevations. The term for down-slope winds is ______.

A

NIGHT
RAPIDLY
KATABATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mountain Breeze ______wind circulation works in reverse from the Anabatic winds of the ______Breeze. In a Katabatic circulation warmer air at altitude from over lower elevations flows toward ______ slopes

A

KATABATIC
VALLEY
MOUNTAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cold Downslope or Drainage winds occur when cold dense air sinks and strengthens ______ and ______breezes

A

DOWNSLOPE

MOUNTAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mountain Lee Waves and Warm, Downslope winds are ______wave patterns that develop over and ______of mountains. These two winds are forms of Atmospheric ______ Wave air movement

A

MESOSCALE
DOWNWIND
GRAVITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mountain Lee waves occur in movement of _____air over mountains with a wind speed of at least __ knots and may persist for several ____. The danger of a Mountain Lee wave wind is that on the Lee side, the air can be very ______.

A

STABLE
20 KN
HOURS
TURBULENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A weak Lee Wave will have vertical movement of a few hundred ____. A strong Lee Wave can have vertical movement of up to ____feet per minute and can attain vertical changes of up to ____ feet or more.

A

FEET
1800 FEET
4000 FEET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Two locations where Mountain Lee Waves are strongest are the lee slopes of the _________ in California and the ________ in Colorado

A

SIERRA NEVADA RANGE

ROCKY MOUNTAINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Indications of potential Mountain Lee wave action are ______Clouds (lens-shaped clouds) that will occur above the peaks of the mountain range and downwind of the Mountain range when wind speeds exceed ___knots and the direction of wind flow is ________ to the mountain ridgelines

A

LENTICULAR
20 KNOTS
PERPENDICULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
Examples of Warm Downslope winds and where they occur 
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A

a. CHINOOK WINDS - EAST SLOPES OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
b. FOEHN WINDS - NORTHERN SLOPES OF THE ALPS
c. SANTA ANA WINDS - SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
d. CANTERBURY NOR’WESTER - NEW ZEALAND
e. MONO WIND – CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Wind shear is a change of wind speed of direction in a very ______

A

SHORT DISTANCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Low level wind shear magnitude change of 8 to 11 knots is considered Strong and ____________ is considered severe.

A

12 KNOTS OR MORE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A METAR report that reads /RMK LLWS -15KT SFC to 030 DURC means the wind shear resulted in a loss of _______ during climb-out between the _____and ____.

A

AIRSPEED OF 15 KNOTS
SURFACE
3,000FT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
Wind shears are associated with any type of
A.
B.
C.
D.
A

A.THUNDERSTORMS
B.LOW-LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS, C.JET STREAMS
D.FRONTAL ACTIVITY.

29
Q

A downdraft is a concentrated _______ of air that flows outward in all directions from the base of convective storms

A

SEVERE DOWNDRAFT

30
Q

A Microburst is a commonly used term to describe any _______ downdraft that produces _____wind shear conditions

A

PERCIPITATION-INDUCED

CRITICAL

31
Q

The lifetime of a micro burst is from ______and can result in wind changes that create hazards to aircraft because the ______occurs over a very short distance. The average microburst lasts about _____

A

5-30 MINS
WINDSHEAR
15 MINS

32
Q

If an aircraft is flying toward a microburst downdraft, initially the air movement will be a significant ______. As the aircraft flies through the microburst, the wind will change to a significant _____.

A

HEADWIND

TAILWIND

33
Q

Pilots should avoid flying under any type of _______ even if the pilot can see through to the ______ of the thunderstorm

A

THUNDERSTORM

OTHERSIDE

34
Q

If there is thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of an airport, aircraft flying in the vicinity of the airport should expect ______activity and the pilot should expect ______ and _____ on approach

A

MICROBURST
WIND SHEAR
TURBULENCE

35
Q

____ is an indication of a microburst in dry conditions. If there is virga, the vortex ring may occur at surface and will be indicated by a _____at surface

A

VIRGA

DUST RING

36
Q

Frontal zone wind shear will always occur over the top of the ____air. If the front is a Warm Front, the critical period of time for LLWS is ____ the front passes.

A

COLD

BEFORE

37
Q

Air mass shear occurs at ______ under fair conditions and in the ______ of strong winds or strong surface ______gradients

A

NIGHT
ABSENCE
PRESSURE

38
Q

An inversion wind shear can occur anytime the wind speed between ____and _____feet above the surface is at least _____knots

A

2,000
4,000
25 knots

39
Q

Aviation turbulence is defined as “_____IN FLIGHT”. The definition of how much turbulence there is depends on the reaction of things inside the ______. For example, if the pilot observes occupants being forced violently against ______OR ______, the pilot would report that turbulence as _____

A

BUMPINESS IN FLIGHT
AIRPLANE
SEATBELTS OR SHOULDER STRAPS
SEVERE

40
Q 
The four types of turbulence are 
A.
B.
C.
D
A

LIGHT, MODERATE, SEVERE, and EXTREME

41
Q

Light Turbulence momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude or attitude and is sometimes called ______.

A

LIGHT CHOP

42
Q

Moderate turbulence causes _____ in altitude and / or ______ and also causes variations in ______ airspeed, and rapid ____or jolts.

A

CHANGES
ATTITUDE
INDICATED
BUMPS

43
Q

_____ turbulence causes large, abrupt changes in altitude and or attitude, _____variations in indicated airspeed, the aircraft may be ______ out of _____

A

SEVERE
LARGE
TEMPORARILY
CONTROL

44
Q

Extreme turbulence ______tosses the aircraft about, the aircraft is ______ ______ to control, may cause ______damage

A

VIOLENTLY
PRACTICALLY
IMPOSSIBLE
STRUCTURAL

45
Q

__________ (CAT) or Chop occurs when turbulence occurs in free atmosphere away from any visible ______ activity. Most CAT occurs above 15,000 feet and is often associated with the ________

A

CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE
CONVECTIVE
JET STREAM

46
Q

For quantitative measures of ____turbulence the indications would be an airspeed fluctuation of __ knots or more, a G-load change of __- ___Gs, and a vertical gust of ___-___ feet per minute

A

SEVERE
25 KNOTS
1-1.99 Gs
2100-2999

47
Q 
The four basic aviation turbulence categories are  
a.
b.
c.
d.
A

LOW LEVEL TURBULENCE (LLT)
TURB IN OR NEAR THUNDERSTORMS
CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE
MOUNTAIN WAVE TURBULENCE (MWT)

48
Q

what are the cause of these four air turbulences

a. LOW LEVEL TURBULENCE (LLT)
b. TURB IN OR NEAR THUNDERSTORMS
c. CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE
d. MOUNTAIN WAVE TURBULENCE (MWT

A

a. thermal, mechanical low frontal (friction)
b. thunderstorms
c. high frontal, jet stream
d. high winds over mountain ridge lines

49
Q

For pilots, the type of approach for during gusty winds is a ______ approach and a _____landing.

A

POWER ON

POWER ON

50
Q

When taking off from a valley surrounded by mountains, climb above the level of the _____peaks before leaving the valley. Maintain enough ______ clearance from the mountains to recover from any downdraft that might catch you

A

HIGHEST

LATERAL

51
Q

Characteristics of unstable cold air masses moving over a warm surface are _____clouds, _____, and ____visibility.

A

CUMULIFORM
TURBULENCE
GOOD

52
Q

The greatest time when aircraft will generate wake turbulence is when the aircraft is ___, ____, and ____.

A

HEAVY, CLEAN AND SLOW

53
Q

Wake turbulence is greatest when a jet transport has just taken off because of the high _______and high _______.

A

ANGLE OF ATTACK

GROSS WEIGHT

54
Q

To avoid wake turbulence when flying behind a large aircraft on approach, the pilot of the following airplane should fly _____ and _____ of the flight path of the preceding heavier aircraft.

A

ABOVE AND UPWIND

55
Q

If flying near a location where CAT has been reported, Pilots should adjust airspeed to the airspeed recommended for _____

A

ROUGH AIR

56
Q

A sharply curving jet stream will generate ____ turbulence than a straight flowing jet stream. Significant CAT is more likely to occur when the core speed of the jet stream exceeds ___ knots

A

MORE

110 KNOTS

57
Q

The best airspeed to fly when you expect to encounter turbulence is ______ Speed because _______ Speed provides the greatest amount of room for the aircraft to fly and not exceed __ limits or ____limits - Lecture Point

A

MANEUVERING
MANRUVERING
G
AIRSPEED

58
Q

During takeoff into a microburst, an aircraft experiences an _____ headwind, followed by a ______ headwind and downdraft, and finally a tailwind.

A

increasing

decreasing

59
Q

if you are heading toward a thunderstorm what is the best position to be in?

A

on the left of the thunderstorm

60
Q

if you are in mature thunderstorm, how bad is the turbulence?

A

any level of severity light mod severe or extreme depending on the pilot

61
Q

a sharply curving jet stream is associated with _____ turbulence than a straight jet stream

A

greater

62
Q

CAT is mostly in the______ where two air masses are pushing against one another

A

jet stream frontal zone

63
Q

vertical wind shear will encounter g forces ____ and ____

A

vertical or horizontal

64
Q

if your flying through a micro burst, what kind of wind change with you get?

A

180 degree change

65
Q

a warm wind which blows up a steep slope or mountain side, driven by the heating of the slope is called?

A

anabatic winds

66
Q

down-slope winds frequently produced at night by the air near to the ground losing heat faster than air at a similar altitude over adjacent low-lying land is called

A

katabatic winds

67
Q

shanook winds are ___winds

A

downslope

68
Q

santa ana winds are___winds

A

downslope

69
Q

what do you need for a mountain wave?

A

a layer of stable air and a wind of at least 20 kn blowing across the ridge

chapter 10-12 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions