Chapter.1 - What Is An Operating System? Flashcards
1
Q
First Computer Generation
A
Vacuum tubes (1945-55)
2
Q
Second Computer Generation
A
Transistors and batch systems (1955–65)
3
Q
Third Computer Generation
A
ICs and multiprogramming (1965–1980)
4
Q
Fourth Computer Generation
A
Personal computers (1980–present)
5
Q
Fifth Computer Generation
A
Mobile computers (1990–present)
6
Q
Processor
A
- Is the electronic circuitry within a computer that executes instructions that make up a computer program.
- A program in execution
7
Q
Main memory
A
The main storage region of a computer, to which the central processor has immediate or direct access.
8
Q
Buses
A
- A bus is a high-speed internal connection.
- Buses are used to send control signals and data between the processor and other components.
9
Q
Address bus
A
- Carries memory addresses from the processor to other components such as primary storage and input/output devices.
- The address bus is unidirectional
10
Q
Data bus
A
- Carries the data between the processor and other components.
- The data bus is bidirectional.
11
Q
Control bus
A
- Carries control signals from the processor to other components.
- The control bus also carries the clock’s pulses.
- The control bus is unidirectional.
12
Q
Examples of I/O Controller(s)
A
- Graphics card
- USB controller
13
Q
Examples of I/O device(s)
A
- Keyboard
- Display
- Mouse / touchscreen
- SSDs / HDDs
- Network interfaces
- Printers
14
Q
What is an Operating System?
A
- An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware.
- The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner.
15
Q
What are the FOUR key responsibilities of an Operating System?
A
- Process management
- Memory management
- Storage management
- Protection and security
