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chapter1 Flashcards

1
Q

Transmission of information, ideas, emotions, skills, etc.

A

communication

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2
Q

the process whereby humans collectively create and regulate social reality.

A

communication

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3
Q

communication is a process like a

A

river: continuous, flowing, active and never the same

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4
Q

communication competence

A

the ability to communicate in a personally effective socially appropriate manner.

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5
Q

implicit knowledge

A

knowledge we don’t stop to think about, we use it unconsciously to guide our own behavior

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6
Q

message competence

A

the ability to make message choices that others can comprehend as well as to attend to and understand the message choices of others

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7
Q

verbal competence

A

the ability to process and use linguistic devices to convey content in effective ways

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8
Q

nonverbal competence

A

the ability to process and use nonverbal codes to convey content in effective ways.

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9
Q

interpretive competence

A

ability to label, organize, and interpret the conditions surrounding an interaction

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10
Q

role competence

A

the ability to take on social roles and to know what is appropriate behavior given these roles

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11
Q

self competence

A

the ability to choose and present a desired self-image

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12
Q

goal competence

A

the ability to set goals, anticipate probable consequences, and choose effective lines of action

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13
Q

aproximeeting

A

issue with technology. place to meet is decided last minute if at all

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14
Q

process perspective

A

becoming aware of what’s going on when you communicate and beginning to recognize how the underlying processes involved in communication manifest themselves in everyday performance

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15
Q

situational approach

A

you define interpersonal communication in terms of its external characteristics; you look at factors like the number of people involved and their physical proximity.

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16
Q

developmental approach

A

you define interpersonal communication in terms of its content; you look at the kind of information people exchange and how well they know one another

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17
Q

intrapersonal communication

A

alone and in our heads

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18
Q

interpersonal communication

A

face to face, between 2 people

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19
Q

interpersonal communication AKA

A

dyadic communication

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20
Q

small-group communication

A

third person joins a interpersonal communication

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21
Q

organizational communication

A

large businesses and government institutions

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22
Q

face-to-face public communication

A
  • single speaker addresses a large group

- doesn’t know audience members personally and must compose the message for a hypothetical receiver

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23
Q

mediated public (mass) communication

A
  • indirect transmission

- radio, tv

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24
Q

cultural level data

A

general information of a culture

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25
Q

relationships as constellations of behaviors

A

equivalent to the interdependent actions of two people

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26
Q

relationships as cognitive constructs

A

exist in our minds as we think about one another

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27
Q

relationships as mini-cultures

A

relationships as shared understandings like codes of conduct between countries

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28
Q

dialectical approach to relationships

A

opposing voices, different and contradictory impulses

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29
Q

memory interaction packets

A

scenes of relationship

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30
Q

relational prototype

A

consist of : natural language label, criterial attributes, and communicative indicators

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31
Q

natural language label

A

“friend”

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32
Q

criterial attributes

A

characteristics relationship must have to attain the natural language label

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33
Q

communicative indicators

A

the behaviors that display an attribute

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34
Q

communication in holding relationships together: (6)

A
  1. interpersonal relationships begin with awareness
  2. develop through coordinated interaction
  3. as relationships unfold, we begin to analyze and evaluate them
  4. our relationships are influenced by outside forces
  5. our relationships can control us as much as we can control them
  6. relationships are constructed and maintained through communication
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35
Q

content messages

A

messages about the topic at hand

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36
Q

relational messages

A

messages about the relationship itself

37
Q

minimally competent

A

individuals are inflexible

38
Q

satisfactorily competent

A

people who value flexibility, and who are willing to change if they sense the willingness is reciprocal

39
Q

optimally competent

A

they know when to adapt and not to adapt

40
Q

symbolic communication

A

symbols, socially defined

41
Q

modifying nonverbal messages (4)

A

complementing
accenting
repeating
substituting

42
Q

modifying nonverbal messages - complementing

A

nonverbal elaboration of the verbal message (like looking sick to go along with saying theyre sick)

43
Q

modifying nonverbal messages - accenting

A

nonverbals that underline or focus attention on a specific word or phrase (like pounding fist on table when you say “ive had it!)

44
Q

modifying nonverbal messages - repeating

A

help receiver process the total message (“yes” and nodding yes)

45
Q

modifying nonverbal messages - substituting

A

cold stare instead of saying “no”

46
Q

regulating (nonverbal codes)

A

they regulate the flow of talk. like avoiding long pauses or signaling the end of a conversation

47
Q

visual communication system (3 codes)

A

proxemics, kinesics, artifacts

48
Q

visual communication system - proxemics

A

use of space

49
Q

visual communication system - kinesics

A

gestures, body movement, eye and face behavior

50
Q

visual communication system - artifacts

A

physical appearance, clothing

51
Q

auditory communication system

A

auditory, voice

52
Q

invisible communication system (3)

A

chronemics, olfactics, haptics

53
Q

invisible communication system - chronemics

A

use of time

54
Q

invisible communication system - olfactics

A

smell

55
Q

invisible communication system - haptics

A

touch

56
Q

proxemics

A

study of messages sent

57
Q

affect displays

A

nonverbal cues that signal emotions

58
Q

regulators

A

nonverbals that help control interaction

59
Q

self-adaptors

A

body movements, reassuring touching yourself in emotional state

60
Q

object adaptors

A

material objects used in the tension management process

61
Q

looking

A

gazing in the direction of the other’s eyes

62
Q

seeing

A

visual contact with the whole person

63
Q

2 attractiveness factors

A

body symmetry and body proportionality

64
Q

vocalics/ paralanguage

A

the voice (not what is said)

65
Q

vocal qualities

A

loudness, pitch, inflection, temp, rhythm

66
Q

vocal characteristics

A

more specific sounds, laughing, crying, moaning etc

67
Q

chronemics

A

interpreting messages associated with time

68
Q

olfaction

A

messages attached to smells emitted by the body

69
Q

expectancy violations theory

A

two factors determine how we respond- violation valence and the reward value of the other person

70
Q

violation valence

A

our perception of the positive or negative value of the violating behavior itself.
(crowded bus, moderate negative valence)

71
Q

equivocal communication

A

messages open to more than one interpretation

72
Q

analogic codes

A

indicate meaning by being similar to what they convey (like in movies)

73
Q

digital codes

A

meaning is conveyed symbolically (braille and digital watch)

74
Q

symbols

A

units of meaning that are arbitrary and conventional

75
Q

morpheme

A

linguistic unit of meaning (dogs = dog and s morphemes)

76
Q

regulative rules

A

identify, in a given context, the speech acts that are appropriate and inappropriate

77
Q

constitutive rules

A

tells us how to recognize speech acts

78
Q

life script

A

sense of self (who am I? who do I wish to be?)

79
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 2 parts

A

Linguistic determinism, linguistic relativity

80
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - linguistic determinism

A

language determines the way we interpret the world

81
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - linguistic relativity

A

if language determines though, then speakers of different languages will experience the world differently

82
Q

elaborated code

A

middle-class make more complex grammatical decisions

83
Q

restricted code

A

lower-class use grammar more rigidly, employing commonly shared forms

84
Q

qualifiers

A

somewhat, kind of, maybe

85
Q

tag endings

A

right? ok? end of sentence

86
Q

disclaimers

A

sentences that ward off criticisms (“I may be wrong, but…”)

87
Q

female register

A

all characteristics together (qualifier, tag endings, disclaimers) warmer speaker but less credible too

88
Q

free information

A

extra information contained in a response, can suggest additional topics

com225 (1 decks)

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