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Anatomy > Chapter1 - > Flashcards

Chapter1 - Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The science of body structures and the relationships among the structures

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

The science of body functions (how? Why? When?

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3
Q

What’s homeostasis?

A

Body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal even tho the outside world changes continuously. “Wisdom of the body”

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4
Q

Structure determines function or function determines structure? Example.

A

Structure determines function.

Ex./ bones can support and protect body organs bc they contain hard minerals deposits

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5
Q

What r they levels of structural organizations? (Simplest - complex)

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal levels

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6
Q

Define chemical level

A

Atoms combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.

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7
Q

Define cellular level

A

All cells have some common functions, but individual cells vary widely in size and shape, reflecting their unique functions in the body

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8
Q

Define tissue level

A

Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common functions. Four basic is epithelium, muscle, connective tissue, nervous tissue.

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9
Q

Define Organ level

A

Extremely complex functions become possible.

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10
Q

Define organ system level

A

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

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11
Q

Define Organismal level

A

The sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.

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12
Q

Identify the systems of the human body. List organs and describe the function.

A

Integumentary: forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury . (Skin, hair, nails)

Skeletal: protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement (joints, bones)

Muscular: allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture and produces heat (muscles)

Nervous: responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands (brain, nerves, spinal cord)

Endocrine: glands secrets hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. ( ovary, testis, pancreas, adrenal gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, pineal gland)

Cardiovascular: blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, water, ect. The heart pumps blood. (Heart, blood vessels )

Lymphatic / immunity: picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood, (red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes)

Respiratory: keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide (lungs, bronchus, trachea, larynx, pharynx,nasal cavity)

Digestive: breaks down food that enter blood vessels for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuff are eliminated as feces (anus, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, liver, esophagus, oral cavity)

Urinary: eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body . (Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra)

Male reproductive: function of producing offspring . Produce eggs as female sex hormones (penis, testis, scrotum, decries deferent, prostrate gland

Female reproductive: (mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube)

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13
Q

Towards the head

A

Superior

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14
Q

Away from the head

A

Inferior

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15
Q

Towards the from of the body

A

Anterior

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16
Q

Towards the back of the body

A

Posterior

17
Q

Towards the middle of the body

A

Medial

18
Q

Away from the midline of the body

A

Lateral

19
Q

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

20
Q

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

Proximal

21
Q

Farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

Distal

22
Q

Toward or at the body surface

A

Superficial

23
Q

Away from the body surface. Internal

A

Deep

24
Q

Laying on your back

A

Supine

25
Q

Laying on ur stomach

A

Prone

26
Q

Name both main cavities and 5 submissions

A

(Main) dorsal and ventral

(Submission)
Cranial: brain
Vertebral: spinal cord
Thoracic: heart and lungs
Abdominal: digestive viscera
Pelvic: urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
27
Q

Membranes in the ventral cavity and their functions

A

Serosa: thin, double layered membrane
Parietal serosa: part of membrane lining the cavity walls
Visceral serosa: it forms in on itself to form the visceral

28
Q

Describe three noninvasive techniques to asses certain aspects of body structure and / or function

A

Palpation: gently touching body surfaces with hands

Auscultation: listening to body sounds

Percussion: tapping on the body surface with fingertips and listening to echoes .

29
Q

Importance of the diaphragm muscle

A

Breathing. It expands and contracts the volume of the lungs to draw air in and force it out

Anatomy (3 decks)

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