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CHP 1&2 HUMAN BODY > CHAPTER1&2HUMANBODY > Flashcards

CHAPTER1&2HUMANBODY Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space & carries weight, anything you can see; exists in. 3 states: solid, liquid, gas.

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2
Q

All matter living or dead is composed of _______

A

Elements

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3
Q

Element matter is composed of

A

Atoms

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4
Q

More than ____ elements exist

Only _____ needed to exist

A
  1. )100

2. )25

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5
Q

An ____ is the building block of living matter

A

Atom

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6
Q

Atoms are Composed of 3 subatomic particles

A

Protons(+) , neutrons(no charge), & electrons(-)

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7
Q

The arrangement of the atom mimics the ___ & _______

A

Sun & planets

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8
Q

Atomic # is the # of _______ in the nucleus

A

Protons

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9
Q

Atomic mass is determined by the number of _______ & _________ in the nucleus

A

Protons & electrons

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10
Q

Isotope

A
  • They are a variant of chemical elements
  • Same number of protons & different number of neutrons
  • often unstable & their nuclei break down or decay giving off energy
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11
Q

Radioactivity

A

Process of spontaneous breakdown

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12
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Damaging to tissue & are used to destroy cells (chemo)

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13
Q

Chemical

A

The electrical attraction between atoms

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14
Q

3 different type of chemical bonds

A

Ionic, Covalent, & hydrogen

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15
Q

Ionic is caused by a transfer of _________

A

Electrons

Ex- Interaction of sodium & chloride

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16
Q

Covalent involve sharing of __________ by the outer shell as of the atoms.

A

Electrons

Ex- is like joining hands like the joining of water molecules

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17
Q

Hydrogen

A

Involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons.
ex- weak attraction between water molecules

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18
Q

Ion

A

-Atom that carries an electrical charge

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19
Q

How are ions formed

A

When electrons in the outer shell are lost or gained

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20
Q

Cations

A

If the ion is positively charged it is a cation

Ex- sodium is a cation

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21
Q

Anion

A

If the ion is negatively charged it is a anion

Ex- Chlorine ion As a anion is called chloride

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22
Q

Electrolyte

A

Is a substance that forms ions when dissolved in water.
-are capable of conducting an electrical current
Ex- the electrocardiogram (ECG) & the electroencephalogram (EEG) record electrical events in the heart and brain

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23
Q

Ionization

A

-when electrolyte splits or breaks apart in a solution
-only electrolytes ionize
-the electrolyte dissociate (break apart)
The product is ions- NaCl> Na+ Cl-
Na+(sodium) Cl- (chloride)

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24
Q

What is a basic degree of acidity for a human

A

7.35-7.45

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25
Q

Mixture w/ large particle

A

Suspension

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26
Q

Anatomy

A

Identification & description of the structures of living things.

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27
Q

Physiology

A

Branch of biology that deals w/ the normal functions of living organisms & their parts.

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28
Q

Integumentary system

A

Consist of skin & related structure

  • hair & nails
  • regulates body temp., provides sensory input, secretion/excretion
  • mechanical barrier between body/environment
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29
Q

Skeletal system

A
  • Framework of body
  • bones, joint & cartilage
  • protect & support body organ
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30
Q

Three types of muscle

A

Skeletal;voluntary control;striated muscles attached to the bones
Smooth;involuntary control; found in organ & tubes
Cardiac;involuntary control; heart muscle; coordinated contractions in sequence guided by electrical impulse from pacemaker cells

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31
Q

Nervous system

A
  • Consists of brain, spinal chord, nerves, & sense organs
  • Sensory nerves receive info (TEA/GOSSIP) from the environment, so then the sensory goes to tell spinal cord & brain. (TEA IS WHERE THE IT IS INTERPRETED)
  • Decisions made by brain & spinal cord are transmitted> along motor nerves to various body structure.
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32
Q

Endocrine system

A
  • System of glands that secrete hormones
  • messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system
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33
Q

In vertebrae’s the _______ is the neural control center

A

Hypothalamus

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34
Q

Circulatory system

A

Consist of blood, heart, & blood vessel.
-heart pumps> transports blood(blood vessels) throughout the body
Blood carries nutrients & oxygen to all the bodies cells & carries waste to organs of excretion

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35
Q

Lymphatic system

A

-control fluid balance & defense of the body against pathogens/foreign material.
Ex- Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels,lymph, lymphatic organs.

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36
Q

Immune system

A

Protects body from pathogens,allergens, & when own cells run amok. (Cancer)

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37
Q

Respiratory system

A
  • conducts air in & out of body

- consists of lungs & other structures that bring oxygen rich air into the lungs for air exchange.

38
Q

Digestive System

A
  • Organs designed to ingest food & break it down into substance that can be absorbed by the body
  • food that is not absorbed is eliminated as waste
39
Q

Urinary system

A

-Contain kidneys & other structures that can help excrete waste productions from urine.

40
Q

Male Reproductive System

A

Testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, urethra, penis

41
Q

Female reproductive system

A

Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, endometrium cervix, vagina

42
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Houses the brain

43
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Houses the spinal cord

44
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

BACK SIDE CAVITY

45
Q

VENTRAL BODY CAVITY

A

FRONTSIDE CAVITY

46
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

-Chest Cavity

47
Q

Mediastinum

A

-Contains heart, thymus gland, parts of esophagus, trachea, & large blood vessels

48
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Contains heart

49
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Contains lungs

50
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

-stomach, most intestine, liver, gall bladder, spleen, kidneys, & pancreas

51
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Remainder of intestines, rectum, urinary bladder & internal parts of reproductive system

52
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant

53
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

54
Q

RLQ

A

Right Lower Quadrant

55
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant

56
Q

9 regions on stomach

A

Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, left hypochondriac region.
Right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region,
Right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region

57
Q

Oral cavity

A

Mouth

58
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Nose

59
Q

Orbital cavities

A

Eyes

60
Q

Middle ear cavity

A

In ear

61
Q

Cranial cavity

A

On head

62
Q

Frontal sinuses

A

Above eyebrows

63
Q

Homeostasis

A

-The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing environment.
Ex - blood sugar staying WNL regardless of how much one has consumed

64
Q

Homeostatic imbalance results in _______ & ________

A

Disease & dysfunction

65
Q

Hypothalamus regulates the internal environment primarily through a ______ ________ _________

A

Negative feedback mechanism

66
Q

Sagittal

A

Symmetrical; right & left side cut in half

67
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Side to side

From one side of the shoulder to the other

68
Q

Transversal plane

A

Divides the body into superior & inferior parts

69
Q

Anatomical position

A 
Body is upright
Directly facing observer
Feet flat & directed forward
Upper limbs are at the bodies side
Palms facing forward
70
Q

Superior

A

Means higher

Ex- the head is superior to the neck

71
Q

Inferior

A

Means lower

Ex-the umbilicus is inferior to the sternum

72
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front or direction toward the front of the Body

73
Q

Posterior (Dorsal)

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body

74
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

75
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

76
Q

Distal to proximal

A

Hand to shoulder

Elbow to shoulder

77
Q

Deep

A

Structures closer to the interior center of the body.

78
Q

Superficial

A

Structures that are closer to the exterior surface of the body

79
Q

Central

A

Part is located in center

Ex- brain, spinal chord

80
Q

Peripheral

A

Means away from the center

Ex- nerves

81
Q

Molecule

A

When two or more atoms bond (two identical)

82
Q

Compound

A

Substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms

83
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Atoms interacting to form a new chemical combination catalysts

84
Q

Catalysts

A

Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Is needed in most chemical reaction

85
Q

Chemical reaction - Catalysts

A

C6H2O6+O2 > CO2+H20 = 38 ENERGY

glucose + oxygen, carbon dioxide

86
Q

PH scale

A
  • Measures degree of acidity or alkalinity
  • Indicates how many hydrogen ions are in the solution
  • Scale ranges from 0-14
  • Midpoint of scale is 7
87
Q

Mixtures

A

-Substances that can be separated -by physical means-retain original properties components

88
Q

Solution

A

Mixtures where substances are evenly distributed, is always clear.
Ex-Salt water

89
Q

Solute
Solvent
Solution

A
  • Salt
  • Water
  • Salt Water
90
Q

Energy Transport- ATP

A
  1. ) ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
  2. )ENERGY TRANSFER MOLECULE
  3. ) MADE UP OF BASE, SUGAR, 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS
  4. ) SPLITS WHEN THE BODY NEEDS IT TO PRODUCE TO ENERGY
91
Q

Oxygen

A
  • also known as O2
  • a molecule composed of 2 oxygen atoms
  • the air we breathe contains 21% of oxygen
  • essential for life
  • used by cells to liberate energy from the food we eat.
  • Main reason for CPR
92
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A
  • known as CO2
  • a compound or 1 carbon & 2 oxygen atoms
  • waste product
  • must be eliminated from the body
  • created after food is chemically broken down for energy

CHP 1&2 HUMAN BODY (2 decks)

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