Chapter1

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

The collection, presentation, and description of data.

Question 2

Inferential Statistics

Answer 2

The predictions, conclusions, and generalizations made about a
population based on sample data.

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

the data of interest for the researcher. all outcomes that have ever or could ever occur.
Information about the population is usually the goal; however, obtaining all data values from the population is
usually impossible.

Question 4

Census

Answer 4

a survey in which every member of the
population is measured.

Question 5

Sample

Answer 5

a subset of the population; used to get a partial understanding of the population.

Question 6

Parameter

Answer 6

a numerical value that characterizes some part of the population.

Question 7

Statistic

Answer 7

AKA a numerical estimator describing some aspect of a sample; Statistics come from Sample data.

Question 8

Data

Answer 8

information obtained from numerical facts or observations.

Question 9

Quantitative (Numerical) Data

Answer 9

data in terms such as counts and measurements.

Question 10

Qualitative (Categorical or Non-numerical) Data

Answer 10

data that refer to attributes, labels, or characteristics that do not represent counts or measurements.

Question 11

Discrete data

Answer 11

the number in the data set is either
finite or can be counted. There may be an infinite amount of data, but the data can theoretically be counted

Discrete data are sometimes referred to as counts.

Question 12

Continuous data

Answer 12

data that can assume any value in an
interval without any gaps, interruptions, or jumps. Continuous
data is generally data that can be measured in some way.

Continuous data can be referred to as measurements.

Question 13

Observatory Study

Answer 13

Data collected where we only observe and measure characteristics from groups already created is
observatory.
An observational study uses those groups and records the differences.

Question 14

Experimental Study

Answer 14

Data collected where some treatment is applied, and then we observe the results on the subjects.
Experimental studies put participants into different groups and the differences are measured.

Question 15

Random Sample

Answer 15

A sample where every member of the population has an equally likely chance of being chosen.

Question 16

Systematic Sample

Answer 16

After a random starting point has been established, every kth element is chosen

Question 17

Stratified Random Sample

Answer 17

The population is divided into at least two groups according to some characteristic, we then select a random sample from each of the groups

Question 18

Cluster Sample

Answer 18

The population is divided into groups, the groups are randomly selected, and then every member of the randomly selected group is surveyed.

Question 19

Convenience Sample

Answer 19

When results are easy to obtain, the data is selected as the sample. This is not always a good way to collect a sample.

Question 20

Voluntary Response Sample

Answer 20

The participants are self-selected in that they decide whether they want to be included in the sample.