CHAPTER V Flashcards
It is the result of very complicated series of facts, being used as whole, combination of certain forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by long continued painstaking effort.
HANDWRITING
Defined as visible speech.
HANDWRITING
Connected; writing in which one letter is joined to the next.
CURSIVE
Cursive came from latin word __________, means __________.
cursus ; running
Separated or printing writing.
SCRIPT
Characters were written in a separate manner making it easier for beginners to learn the shapes of each letters.
SCRIPT
All are in capital letter.
BLOCK
Push up the pen to form the upward strokes.
ENTENSOR MUSCLES
Which push the pen to from the downward strokes.
FLEXOR MUSCLES
Decrease the angle between bones on the side of the joint, such as bending the knee.
FLEXOR MUSCLES
Generally speaking, four groups of muscles are employed in writing - those which operate the joints of the______, _______, _______, and _______.
Fingers, Wrist, Elbow, and Shoulder.
The delicate way in which the various muscles used in writing work together to produce written form is known as ____________.
Motor Coordination
The thumb, the first, second and slightly the third fingers are in actual motion most usually employed m children and illiterates.
Finger Movement
Produced by the movement or action of the whole hand with the wrist as the center of attraction.
Hand Movement
The movement of the shoulder, hand, and arm with support of the table.
Forearm Movement
Measure ng degree ng slope ng handwriting.
SLOPE PROTRACTOR
Two types of slope:
POSITIVE SLOPE AND NEGATIVE SLOPE
Action of the entire arm without resting.
Whole Forearm Movement
This refers to the shape or design of the individual letters.
FORM
It is an angle or inclination of the axis of the letters relative to the baseline.
SLOPE/SLANT
Individual characteristics in relative proportion of letter or relative height of one letter to another letter can be found in different writing.
PROPORTION
There are different proportions in writing letters; these are:
NORMAL, COMPRESSED, AND EXTENDED
Is used when the writing space is adequate.
NORMAL PROPORTION
Is used when the writing space is limited.
COMPRESSED PROPORTION
Is used when the writing space is too wide to write on.
EXTENDED PROPORTION
The relation between the tall and short letters is refund to as the ratio of the writing.
RATIO
Are a comparison or correlation of the height of one letter or letter segment to another letter, usually within the same word or signature.
RATIO
In signatures, it is a common practice among many writers to write their signatures with the initials and connected without pen.
CONNECTING STROKE
When a letter, word or name (signature) is completed in a free, natural writing, the pen is usually raised from paper while in motion with a “flying finish” (or what is also referred to as “vanishing”, “tapering” or “flourishing”
terminal strokes) and with many writers, the motion of the pen also slightly precedes the putting of the pen on the paper at the beginning with “flying start” so that strokes at the beginning and end of words gradually diminish or taper a “vanishing point”.
TERMINAL STROKE AND INITIAL STROKE
Terminal Stroke and Initial Stroke also known as?
ENTRY AND EXIT STROKE
It is an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the pen from the paper.
PEN LIFT
Is a gap between strokes due to speed in writing and defective writing instrument.
HIATUS
Considered as a common characteristic when it conforms to the ordinary copy-book-form.
LATERAL SPACING
It is the widening of the ink strokes with increase pressure on the paper surface.
SHADING
Refers to the visible record in the written strokes of the basic movement and manner of holding the writing instrument.
LINE QUALITY
Is the relation of the parts of the whole line of writing or line of individual letters in words or signature to the baseline.
ALIGNMENT
It is the balanced quality of movements of the harmonious recurrence of stress or impulse.
RHYTHM
The act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surfaces.
PEN EMPHASIS
Relationship between the pen point and the paper.
PEN POSITION
The place where the writer grasps the barrel of the pen and the angle at which he holds it.
PEN HOLD
Four Types of Pen Hold:
DYNAMIC TRIPOD
DYNAMIC QUADRUPOD
LATERAL DYNAMIC
LATERAL QUADRUPOD
The average force with which the pen contacts the paper.
PEN PRESSURE
Deviation from uniform strokes due to lack of smoothness perfectly apparent even without magnification.
TREMOR
Variation is due to lack of machine-like precision of the human hand, it is also cause by external factors, such as the writing instrument and the writing position, influenced by physical and mental condition such as
fatigue, intoxication, illness, nervousness and the age of the writer, due to the quality of the writing prepared in the course of the time variation in genuine signature appears in superficial parts and does not apply to the
whole process of writing.
NATURAL VARIATION
This refers to additional unnecessary strokes not necessary to legibility of letterforms or writing but incorporated in writing for decorative or ornamental purpose.
Rubric or Embellishment
Is the relation of parts of the whole of writing or line of individual letters in words to the baseline. It is the alignment of words.
ALIGNMENT
Sharp, straight strokes that are made by stopping the pen and changing direction before continuing.
ANGULAR FORMS
Forms that look like arches rounded on the top and open at the bottom.
ARCADE FORMS
Any property or mark which distinguishes and in document examination commonly called to as the identifying details.
CHARACTERISTICS
The act of setting two or more items side by side to weigh their identifying qualities; it refers not only a visual but also the mental act in which the element of one item are related to the counterparts of the other.
COMPARISON
A writer may deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in hopes of hiding his identity.
DISGUISED WRITING
The movement of the pen toward the writer.
DOWNSTROKE
The writer’s chosen writing style. The way the writing looks, whether it is copybook, elaborated, simplified, or printed.
FORM
A cup-like connected form that is open at the top and rounded on the bottom.
GARLAND FORMS
The German word that means “complete” or “whole”. A good gestalt needs nothing added or taken away to make it “look right”.
GESTALT
The study of handwriting based on the two fundamental strakes, the curve, and the straight strokes.
GRAPHOANALYSIS
Analysis by comparison and measurement.
GRAPHOMETRY
The art of determining character disposition and amplitude of a person from the study of handwriting.
GRAPHOLOGY
It also means the scientific study and analysis of handwriting, especially with reference to forgeries and questioned documents.
GRAPHOLOGY
Any disconnected style of writing in which each letter is written separately: also called hand printing.
HANDLETTERING
Hand lettering is any disconnected style of writing in which each letter is written separately: also called __________.
HAND PRINTING
Means “wrong hand writing.”
LEFT-HANDED WRITING
The amount of space left between letters. Sometimes, referred to as line
space.
LETTER SPACE
Letter Space is the amount of space left between letters. Sometimes, referred to as __________.
LINE SPACE
Movement of the baseline. May slant up, down, or straight across the page.
LINE DIRECTION
The overall character of the ink lines from the beginning to the ending strokes.
LINE QUALITY
The visible records in the written stroke of the basic movements and manner of holding the writing instrument is characterized by the term ______________.
LINE QUALITY
There are two classes of line quality:
Good Line quality and Poor Line quality
A disconnected form of script of semi-script writing. This type of writing is taught in young children in elementary schools as the first step in learning to write.
MANUSCRIPT WRITING
The amount of space left around the writing on all four sides.
MARGINS
Any study or examination which is made with the microscope in other to discover minute details.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
It is an important element in handwriting.
MOVEMENT
It embraces all the factors which are related to the motion of the writing instrument skill, speed freedom, hesitation, rhythm, emphasis, tremors and the like.
MOVEMENT
The manner in which the writing instrument is move that is by finger, hand, forearm or whole arm.
MOVEMENT
Any specimen of writing executed normally without any attempt to control or alter its identifying habits and its usual quality or execution.
NATURAL WRITING
These are normal or usual deviations found between repeated specimens of any individual handwriting.
NATURAL VARIATION
A creative combination of printing and cursive writing.
PRINTSCRIPT
The relation between the tall and the short letter is referred as to the ratio of writing.
PROPORTION or RATIO
A distinct or peculiar character.
QUALITY
Is used in describing handwriting to refer to any identifying factor that is related to the writing movement itself.
QUALITY
The element of the writing movement which is marked by regular or periodic recurrences.
RHYTHM
It may be classed as smooth, intermittent, or jerky in its quality: the flourishing succession of motion which are recorded in a written record.
RHYTHM
Is the widening of the ink strokes due to the added pressure on a flexible pen point or to the use of a stub pen.
SHADING
Eliminating extra or superfluous strokes from the copybook model.
SIMPLIFICATION
Any characteristic of handwriting that is sufficiently uncommon and well-fixed to serve as a fundamental point in the identification.
SIGNIFICANT WRITING HABIT
May refer to the overall size of the writing or the proportions between zones.
SIZE
In any set there are relative degrees, ability, or skill and a specimen of handwriting usually contains evidence of the writer’s proficiency; degree, ability, or skill of a write proficiency.
SKILL
The angle or inclination of the axis of the letters relative to the baseline.
SLOPE/SLANT
There are three classes of slope/slant:
Slant to the left; Slant to the right; and Vertical
Slant.
Not everyone writes at the same rate so that consideration of the speed of writing may be a significant identifying element.
SPEED (SPEEDY) WRITING
Writing speed cannot be measured precisely from the finished handwriting but can be interpreted in broad terms of slow, moderate, or rapid.
SPEED (SPEEDY) WRITING
The combination of the basic design of letters and the writing movement as taught in school make up the writing system.
SYSTEM (OF WRITING)
Writing through use diverges from the system, but generally retains some influence of the basic training. See also copy book.
SYSTEM (OF WRITING)
The act or process of changing.
VARIATION
Any writing executed with the opposite hand that normally used; a.k.a. as “with the awkward hand.” It is one means of disguise.
WRONG-HANDED WRITING
A curved formed inside the top curve of loop as in small letters “h”, “m”, “n”, & “p”. Or any arcade form in the body of a letter found in small letters which contain arches.
ARC
Is the top portion of a letter or upper loop.
ASCENDER
Maybe actually on a ruled paper, it might be imaginary alignment of writing; is the ruled or imaginary line upon which the writing rests.
BASELINE
Preliminary embellished initial stroke which usually occurs in capital letters.
BEADED
Is the rudimentary initial up stroke of a letter.
BEARD
The beginning and ending stroke of a letter (without hesitation).
BLUNT
The main portion of the letter, minus the initial of strokes, terminal strokes and the diacritic, of any.
BODY
A loop made as a flourished which is added to the letters, as in small letter “k & b”, or in capital letters “A”, “K”,”P”: the horizontal end loop stroke that are often used to complete a letter.
BUCKLE/BUCKLEKNOT
A bad writing.
CACOGRAPHY
The art of beautiful writing.
CALLIGRAPHY
Opposite of ascender, the lower portion of a letter.
DESCENDER
Are lowercase letters having no ascending loop or stem or descending loops or stems.
LINEAR LETTERS
“t” crossing and dots of the letter ‘i’ and “j”. The matters of the Indian script are also known as diacritic signs; an
element added to complete a certain letter, either a cross bar or a dot.
DIACRITIC
A small loop or curved formed inside the letters.
EYE/EYELET/EYELOOP
This may occur inside the oval of the letters “a, d, o”: the small loop form by stroke that extend in divergent direction as in small letters.
EYE/EYELET/EYELOOP
Lower part which rest on the base line. The small letter “m” has three feet, and the small letter “n” has two feet.
FOOT
The term applied to the irregular thickening of ink which is found when writing slows down or stop while the pen take a stock of the position.
HESITATION
A gap occurring between a continuous stroke without lifting the pen.
HIATUS/PEN JUMP
Such as occurrence usually occurs due to speed; may be regarded also as a special form of pen lift distinguish in a ball gaps in that of perceptible gaps and appear in the writing.
HIATUS/PEN JUMP
It is a minute curve or a ankle which often occurs at the end of the terminal strokes. It also sometimes occurs at the beginning of an initial stroke.
HOOK
The terminal curves of the letters ___________ is the hook.
“a”, “d”, “n”, “m”, “p”, “u”,
Upper portion of its letter “m”, “n”, “h”, “k” - the rounded outside of the top of the bend stroke or curve in small letter.
HUMP/SHOULDER
The extra deposit of ink in the initial and terminal stroke due to the slow withdrawal of the pen from the paper (usually applicable to fountain pen).
KNOB
A oblong curve such as found on the small letter “f”, “g”, “l” and letters stroke “p has two.
LOOP
A loop may be ______ or _____. A blind loop is usually the result of the ink having filled the open space.
blind or open
Is usually the result of the ink having filled the open space.
BLIND LOOP
A capital letter.
MAJUSCULE
A small letter.
MINUSCULE
Retouching or going back over a defective portion of a written stroke.
PATCHING
An interruption in a stroke caused by removing the writing instrument from the paper.
PEN LIFT
Any part of a stroke which is super imposed upon the original stroke.
RETRACE/RETRACING
A short initial or terminal stroke.
SPUR
Any major long downward stroke of a letter that is the long downward stroke of the letter “b”, “g”.
STAFF
The upright long downward stroke that is the trunk or stalk, normally seen in capital letters.
STEM OR SHANK
Any short stroke, which usually occurs at the top of the letters.
TICK/HITCH
A writing weakness portrayed by irregular shaky strokes is described as writing _________.
TREAMOR
Two Kinds of Treamor:
GENUINE TREAMOR
TREAMOR CAUSED BY DOUBT
The upstroke of a looping ascender
WHIRL
Is a succession of connected, uniform strokes working in full coordination, pressure is always in state of change moving from light to heavy or from heavy light.
RHYTHM
Characterized by a succession of awkward, independent, poorly directed and disconnected motions.
LACK OF RHYTHM
By studying the rhythm the succession of strokes, one can determine if the writer normally and spontaneously or write with hesitation as if he is attempting to for another signature.
IMPORTANCE OF RHYTHM
Words are formed by connection letters to one another, even letters are formed by the joining of the upward and downward strokes.
LETTER OF CONNECTIONS
A rounded stroke shaped like an arch.
ARCADE
It is a slow mode of connection resulting from controlled movements.
ARCADE
Links the downward stroke to the upstrokes with a flowing curve swinging from left to right.
GARLAND
When the downward strokes and upward strokes meet directly angular connection is formed.
ANGULAR CONNECTIVE FORM
The joining of downward and upward strokes is slurred to a threadlike tracing or where rounded turns used at both top and bottom produce a double curve.
THE THREADLIKE CONNECTIVE FORM
Part of basic writing system or which are modification of the system of writing found among large group of writes that have only slight identification value.
GENERAL (CLASS) CHARACTERISTCS
They are characteristics which are result of the writer’s muscular control, coordination, age, health, and nervous temperament, frequency of writing, personality, and character.
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
This is characterized by too much freedom of movement and lack of regulation.
LOOSE WRITING
This is noticed especially in tall letters forms.
LOOSE WRITING
There is lack of freedom and inhibited movements.
RESTRAINED WRITING
It gives you the impression that every stroke was made with great difficulty.
RESTRAINED WRITING
