Chapter Two & Three + Loyalties Flashcards
Loyalty
A commitment or the act of ‘sticking with’ a belief, value cause, nation, person, etc.
Nationalist Loyalty
Loyalty that is embedded with the idea of a nation (race, country, etc.)
Non-Nationalist Loyalty
Loyalty that is not embedded with the idea of a nation (family, friends, sports teams, etc.)
Contending Loyalties
Loyalties that compete with each other. Choosing between them can be very difficult (Hutterites drivers license photo contending with their religion)
What are some ways the First Nations affirmed their loyalties?
-Restructuring the National Indian Brotherhood into the Assembly of First Nations in 1982
-Advocating for maintaining First Nation status in order to deal with Canadian government on a nation-to-nation basis
What are some ways the Inuit affirmed their loyalties?
-By changing names of places like Forbisher Bay back to Iqaluit
-Returning back to their original Inuit names instead of the ones given to them by Europeans
-Pursuing self-determination which resulted in the creation of Nunavut
What did Nunavut do for the Inuit people?
-The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement allowed the Inuit to help make decisions about how their land and resources are to be used
-Permitted their education system to be able to promote their culture, tradition, and languages
How did the Metis people affirm their loyalties?
-Forming the Metis National Council in 1983
-Having the MNC represent Metis from all over Canada
-The Metis advocating to be recognized as a distinct ethnicity
-Also formed the Metis Population Betterment Act which gave them more control over their land and self-government
Cultural Pluralism
This encourages groups of people to affirm and promote their unique cultural identities within Canada (multiculturalism)
Reasonable Accommodation
Refers to Canadian institutions having to adapt to religious and cultural minorities, as long as they don’t violate any other existing rights and freedoms. This helps immigrants with their concerns on fitting into Canadian society. (Baltej Dhillon being allowed to wear a tan coloured turban on the RCMP)
What was Bill 60?
A bill proposed in Quebec as a response to reasonable accommodation. Although it failed to become a law, this bill would have prevented public employees from wearing overt religious symbols in their workplaces.
What was Bill 21?
Quebec re-implemented and then proceeded to rename Bill 60 to Bill 21. This prohibited religious symbols such as the hijab in public spaces. Bill 21 seeks to highlight the importance on state secularism.
Secularism
A way of life (governing) that separates religion from other aspects of life such as politics, economics and culture. Secular beliefs are based on the idea that religion should be a personal matter.
Class Loyalties
Loyalties to people from a particular social sector (3rd Estate)
Cultural Loyalties
Loyalties to a way of life (Ukrainian heritage)
Ideological Loyalties
Loyalties to ideas or beliefs about how a society to run and the main interests that should be focused on (Women’s rights, conservatism, etc.)
Regional Loyalties
Loyalties to a region and the interests of those who live there (East coast of Canada)
Religious Loyalties
Loyalties to a religious society and all of the beliefs and values encompassed in that group (Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, etc.)
Racial/Ethnic Loyalties
Loyalty to the people of your same race or ethnic group (Koreans, African Americans, etc.)
What are the four options an individual has when it comes to dealing with contending loyalties?
a) Living with their contending loyalty & choosing to remain uninvolved
b) Choosing one loyalty over another
c) Choosing to include both their nationalist and non-nationalist loyalties
d) Attempting to bring change to a nation in order to accommodate their non-nationalist loyalties
What is the NEP?
The National Energy Policy (NEP) was introduced to Canada in 1980 to address energy security issues, since Canada was experiencing inflation due to high oil costs. The NEP aimed to reduce dependency on foreign energy, but caused tensions between Alberta and the Federal Government due to concerns about the negative effects on the environment and economy
What was the Oka Crisis?
When the Mohawk people who were living on a reserve in Quebec staged a protest over land claims. A golf course was to be built on their sacred ground, so they created a roadblock, resulting in violence and the death of a police officer.
What was put in place to solve the conflict of the Oka Crisis?
The Royal Commission on Aboriginal People. Its purpose was to discover the foundations for a fair and honourable relationship between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples.
What was the result of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People?
The result of the commision stated that the Aboriginal people had a right to self government and that Canadas past assimilation toward them was wrong.
What does it mean to reconcile conflicting Nationalist Loyalties?
This is an attempt at accepting the past or fixing a broken relationship. When nations or nation-states can’t solve differences, this can result in war.
What is compensation, and an example of this?
Something (typically money) given to somebody as a recompense for loss, suffering, etc. An example of this is Maher Arar who was falsely accused of terrorism and detained. After finding no evidence to prove him guilty, Arar was compensated with $10.5 million.
Who were the Little Rock Nine?
A group of African-American teenagers who attended a Caucasian school in Arkansas. This angered many of the Caucasian adults who protested integration. These teens were kept safe by the national guard.
