Chapter Two: Social Change

Question 1

Social Continuity

Answer 1

The opposite of social change but states change is always occurring and structures in society resist change

Question 2

Cognitive Consistency

Answer 2

When your behaviour and attitude are the same

If one is different to gain consistency one must change

Question 3

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 3

When our behaviours and attitudes are not the same or not consistent

Question 4

Conformity

Answer 4

When people’s beliefs, attitudes and beliefs are altered by others
Maintaining a certain level of similarity with the status quo creates a sense of belonging

Question 5

Informational Influence

Answer 5

Our desire to accept information presented by someone we admired

Question 6

Normative Influence

Answer 6

The pressure to conform for the positive expectations of others

Question 7

Max Weber

Answer 7

Stated that people provoke social change as a result of isolation

Question 8

Isolation

Answer 8

Seclusion or lack of human contact

Question 9

Anomie

Answer 9

A term created by Emile Durkheim that is a description of industrial workers who lack norms or roots to survive

Question 10

Karl Marx

Answer 10

Believed alienation is a result of two things meant to be together being separated
A result of capitalism

Question 11

Anarchists

Answer 11

People who act violently against the society that alienated them

Question 12

Obedience

Answer 12

Not conformity but following the direction of someone in authority

Question 13

Asch Experiment

Answer 13

Created by psychologist Asch who wanted to test the degree of conformity in groups by taking one participant and placing them in a group with confederates. They all participate in a vision test by matching a stimulus line to another

Question 14

Forces of Social Change

Answer 14

Geography: Natural lay of the land + natural disasters
External Events: Large scale events impact social change
Technology: Tech advances affect how society acts, communicates, and live
Charismatic Leaders: people with large vision, magnetic style, and gains popular support
Modernizing Elites: small groups of people with a lot of money
Population wanting change: …
Tradition: ….
Expense: ….

Question 15

Reductionist Theory

Answer 15

Aka the determinist theory Attributes social change to one factor coined by Karl Marx

Question 16

Technology

Answer 16

The creation of objects or tool that are extension of our natural abilities and alter social environments

Question 17

Alvin Toffler

Answer 17

Describes “future shock” as the “dizzying disorientation brought on by the premature arrival of the future”
“Click of a mouse” may have a affected our patience skills and cause irritation

Question 18

Birth of an Industry

Answer 18

Technology = the application of knowledge to produce goods and services for people to work
Automobile Industry = Tools or machine used to make cars
Development of this industry changed the way cars looked and ran (i.e.. From wind, steam, power to gas powered)
One of the largest sectors in Canada started up by Ford (i.e. conveyor belt) it had many spin off industries that created more jobs

Question 19

Canadian Technology around the World

Answer 19

Bombardier was the first to make the snowmobile as a teenager that was used to travel and deliver through snow terrain by the addition of back wheels and front skis. Also made subways, street cars and so on. Same concepts were used all over the world to transverse on many terrains

Question 20

New Technology in Banks

Answer 20

Paper trails became obsolete as info was computerized through optic fibre cables. On 1988 Canada became the 6th largest bank to spend $300 million on communication services via telephone. Human tellers are now being replaced by ATMS and people fear the lose of face to face human interaction the computers may be faster and more professional but may have access to personal and government info and may make errors

Question 21

Automating Industry

Answer 21

The replacement of human labour with that of robots is a highly debated topic. Robots although may not tire, work quicker, accurately and able to work in dangerous environments but they are prone to error and must be maintained.

Question 22

Transformation of an oilseed

Answer 22

Canola oil originally was used as marine oil in WW2 but now finds a new purpose as an oil and a source of high protein and fatty acids like in margarine.

Question 23

The Search of New Products

Answer 23

Many people decide what industries sell to us and how products are presented to us. Many American companies have to adapt to be able to make a profit in Canada (i.e. of selling muffins they sell tea biscuits for breakfast)
New products contribute to economic growth

Question 24

The Telephone

Answer 24

Allowed for faster communication and more innovation. soon telephones became digital and were inputted with computer chips for voice messages and clearer audio. Phones soon became mobile and allowed for texting, Internet access, and calls and much more like apps and games. But made us more dependent on theNd embark on less face to face to face interaction.

Question 25

Technological Change

Answer 25

=People collaborating to advance an item and improve the quality of life
=When a system is required
=A need to discover, invent and spread new ideas
=Motivation to solve problems
=When industries see a need for improvement
=The tenacity of creative individuals (diffusion)
=Constant innovation