Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Biology > Chapter Two: Basic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter Two: Basic Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Elements

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties by ordinary chemical means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest part of an element that displays the properties of the element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Matter

A

Anything that take up space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atomic symbol

A

One or two letter which stand for elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Protons

A

Positive subatomic particle located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral subatomic particle located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electron

A

Negative subatomic particle, moving about in an energy level around the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Electron she’ll

A

The average location or energy level of an electron in an atom. Often drawn as concentric circles around the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons within the nucleus of atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mass number

A

Mass of an atom equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons within the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atomic mass

A

Average of atom mass units for all the isotopes of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tracer

A

Detects molecular changes when a small amount of radioactive isotopes are added to a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Octet Rule

A

The observation that an atom is most stable when it’s outer shell is complete and contains eight electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Molecule

A

Exists when two or more elements bond together and is the smallest part of a compound that retains its chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compound

A

A molecule containing at least two different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Formula

A

Tells the number of each kind of atom in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ions

A

Charged particle that carries a negative of positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ionic bond

A

Chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Salts

A

Solid substances that usually separate and exist as individual ions in water

21
Q

Covalent bond

A

Results when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in the outer shell

22
Q

Nonpolar covalent bond

A

When the sharing of electrons between two atoms is equal

23
Q

Electronegativity

A

Dependent on the number of protons- greater number of protons, greater electronegativity

24
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

When electrons are not shared equally in a covalent bond

25
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

26
Q

Calorie

A

The amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

27
Q

Solution

A

Fluid that contains a dissolve liquid

28
Q

Solute

A

Substance that is dissolved in a solvent

29
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Molecules that do dissolve in water

30
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Molecules that do not dissolve in water

31
Q

Surface tension

A

Strong force between molecules in a liquid

32
Q

Hydrogen ions

A

Hydrogen atom that has lost its electron and therefore has a positive charge

33
Q

Hydroxide ions

A

One of two ions that results when a water molecule dissociates; gained an electron and therefore beard a negative charge

34
Q

Acids

A

Molecules tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and thus to lower its pH numerically

35
Q

Bases

A

Molecules tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and this raise the pH numerically

36
Q

PH scale

A

Measurement scale for hydrogen in concentration

37
Q

Buffer

A

Substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, this stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity

38
Q

What 6 elements make up 95% of the body weight of organisms

A 
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Calcium
Phosphorus
39
Q

All isotopes have the same number of…

A

Protons

40
Q

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons

A

Covalent

41
Q

The three isotopes of carbon have different numbers of…

A

Neutrons

42
Q

Which bond is most easily broken?

A

Hydrogen bond

43
Q

Normal rainfall has a pH of…

A

8.3

44
Q

Hydrophobic molecules tend to be…

A

Nonpolar

45
Q

5 properties of water

A 
High heat capacity
High heat of evaporation
Solvent
Cohesive and Adhesive 
Ice is less dense than liquid water
46
Q

Alkaline

A

Blood at a pH level of 7.4 (slightly basic)

47
Q

Atom in Greek means…

A

Uncut or indivisible

48
Q

The atom most commonly found in the human body is…

A

Oxygen

Advanced Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions