Chapter Two

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

term used to describe the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Europe, a period of geographic exploration and adventure as well as intellectual curiosity and individualism

Question 2

Humanism

Answer 2

the dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance, focusing on human life and its accomplishments

Question 3

Church Modes

Answer 3

scales containing seven tones with an eighth tone duplicating the first an octave higher, but with patterns of whole and half steps different from major and minor scales

Question 4

Drone

Answer 4

long, sustained tone or tones accompanying a melody

Question 5

Ars Nova

Answer 5

(new art), a term used by musical theorists to describe the profound stylistic changes of the French and Italian music in the fourteenth century

Question 6

Mass Ordinary

Answer 6

Roman Catholic Church texts that remain the same from day to day throughout most of the year: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei

Question 7

Word Painting

Answer 7

musical representation of specific poetic images

Question 8

A cappella

Answer 8

choral music without instrumental accompaniment

Question 9

Hildegard of Bingen

Answer 9

a nun and an abyss(leader of the nuns), who was the first woman composer from whom a large number of monophonic sacred pieces that have survived

Question 10

Secular Music

Answer 10

nonreligious music

Question 11

Sacred Music

Answer 11

religious music

Question 12

Gregorian Chant

Answer 12

monophonic texture, step by step with narrow range of pitches, no notation

Question 13

Organum

Answer 13

polyphonic texture, contains notation, the melody became more independent

Question 14

School of Notre Dame

Answer 14

a group of composers working near Notre Dame that developed rhythmic innovations. They used measured rhythm with clearly defined meter. Notation indicated precise rhythms and pitches

Question 15

Leonin/Perotin

Answer 15

the first notable composers known by name; they and their followers are
referred to “The School of Notre Dame.”

Question 16

Church Modes

Answer 16

were used in secular and sacred music, used in Gregorian Chant, patterns of
whole and half notes that are different

Question 17

Troubadours

Answer 17

Composed music and poems about love (only secular songs), from Southern France, they were people of a low-class background, the notation doesn’t indicate rhythm

Question 18

Trouveres

Answer 18

composed music and poems about love, from Northern France, music contained more variety than Troubadours, they developed fixed & musical form , notation doesn’t indicate rhythm

Question 19

Jongleurs

Answer 19

they are as low as prostitutes; they write songs based upon current events; they spread the news by singing

Question 20

Renaissance Vocal and Instrumental music (How did they start start to separate?)

Answer 20

Vocal music was the dominate music during the middle ages. Instrumental music was subordinate to it. In the early 1500s, instrumental music was combined with vocal music. Instrumental groups performed polyphonic vocal pieces. During the 16th century, instrumental music became emancipated from vocal models. More music became specifically for instruments; mostly intended for dancing.

Question 21

What are the three social classes of the Middle Ages/Renaissance and how did they differ?

Answer 21

Nobility (Nobles lived in castles, spent their time hunting running households, and feasting), Peasantry (vast majority of population, lived in huts, most were serfs and subject to feudal overlords), and Clergy (religious people who are responsible for religious duties)

Question 22

Who was Machaut?

Answer 22

a famous French musician and poet. He composed many love songs including, Since I am Forgotten By You. He also composed the Notre Dame Mass.

Question 23

What years were the Renaissance?

Answer 23

1450-1600

Question 24

What years were the Middle Ages?

Answer 24

450-1450

Question 25

When did the new system of notation begin?

Answer 25

the early 14th century

Question 26

What made Ars Nova different?

Answer 26

Beats could now be subdivided into two or three. Syncopation became an important rhythmic practice, it was rarely used before.

Question 27

What cities were the centers of music?

Answer 27

Paris and Venice

Question 28

What is an Estampie?

Answer 28

one of the earliest surviving forms of instrumental music, it is in triple meter, it has a strong and fast beat, a single melodic line is notated, no instrument is specified

Question 29

What was the subject of secular songs?

Answer 29

love, the Crusades, dancing songs, and spinning songs

Question 30

What was the highlight of a monk’s day?

Answer 30

Mass because they got to sing

Question 31

The use of organs in church?

Answer 31

It is used, just not very often. The clergy thought it was too loud and distracting from worship.

Question 32

Who held the monopoly on learning in the Middle Ages?

Answer 32

Monks