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Psychology 1100 > Chapter Two > Flashcards

Chapter Two Flashcards

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1
Q

Empiricism

A

How to know- common sense and intuition vs examined conclusions

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2
Q

Limits of intuition

A

relies on our individual experience and knowledge , may not be representative, personal decisions are always good and generalized things are dangerous. Hindsight bias

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3
Q

Limitations of being human

A

coincidence and superstition (we evolved to be this way)

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4
Q

What are the critical thinking guidelines?

A

ask questions, define your terms, examine the evidence, analyze assumptions and biases, avoid emotional reasoning, don’t oversimplify, consider other interpretations and tolerate uncertainty

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5
Q

The scientific attitude

A

curiosity, skepticism, and humility

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6
Q

curiosity

A

passion for exploration

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7
Q

skepticism

A

doubting and questioning

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8
Q

humility

A

ability to say I don’t know or Im wrong

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9
Q

Theory

A

An idea of how or why something is or works. Cannot be proven right only confirmed rejected or revised

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10
Q

hypothesis

A

A falsifiable prediction made by a theory

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11
Q

Instrument

A

a way to measure the operationally defined variable

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12
Q

What does an instrument require

A

a high degree of validity and reliability

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13
Q

Case study

A

one person over time

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14
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

observing ing natural environment

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15
Q

Survey

A

questioning a representative, random sample of people

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16
Q

Why does correlation not mean causation?

A

directionality of causation is unclear (which caused which) and the third variable problem, another variable could be the cause of both variables

17
Q

Independent variable

A

the variable that is manipulate

18
Q

Dependent variable

A

the effect of the manipulation

19
Q

Descriptive research methods purpose and weaknesses

A

to observe and record behaviour the weaknesses are that you have no control of the variables

20
Q

Correlation research methods purpose and weaknesses

A

to detect naturally occurring relationships, to asses how well one variable predicts another but it does not specify cause and effect

21
Q

Scientific method

A

a procedure for finding truth using empirical evidence

Psychology 1100 (5 decks)

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