Chapter Two Flashcards
Which pair of variable defines motion
change of position and passage of time
Which two fundamental properties are used to describe motion
length and time
What is a difference between an object’s speed and velocity
Velocity includes the direction of travel and speed does not
What feature of motion is described by acceleration
The rate at which velocity changes
Which of the following statements correctly states Newton’s first law of motion
Every object retains its state of rest or its state of uniform straight-line motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
The term inertia means which of the following? The tendency of an object to
remain in rest or motion
If the forces on an object are balanced, the object will
remain at rest if initially at rest or continue moving in a straight line if initially moving in a straight line
According to Newton’s second law of motion, acceleration is proportional to force. That means a larger force
produces a larger acceleration
In Newton’s second law of motion, what is the relationship between acceleration and mass? Acceleration
is inversely proportional to mass
Which of the following statements are true of both weight and mass
Weight is a force, mass is a measure of inertia
What is the unit of weight in the metric system
newton
According to Newton’s second law of motion, what causes a change in the motion of an object? A (An)
net force
A person walking on a level surface moves forward because the forces of
the ground pushing forward on his feet
Which statement correctly characterizes momentum, as understood in the physical sciences
An object with a large momentum has a large velocity
What are the metric units for momentum
kg · m/s
The conservation of momentum is correctly expressed by which of the following statements? The total momentum of interacting objects
remains the same if there are no external forces
If an astronaut, freely floating in space, tries to throw away a spent fuel container that has the same mass as the astronaut himself, what will happen to the astronaut
The astronaut moves away in an opposite direction just as fast as the container moves
In order for an object to move in a circular path at a constant speed, which set of conditions must be satisfied
A force must be applied continuously at right angles to the object’s motion to produce a circular path
According to Newton’s law of gravity, force between two objects depends on the objects’ masses and separation according to which correct statement? The force is directly proportional to the
product of the masses and inversely proportional to the distance of separation squared
What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if their separation is doubled? The force of attraction is
one fourth as much
How does the force of gravity on an astronaut orbiting in the space shuttle compare with the force of gravity on the same astronaut when she is standing on Earth’s surface
The force of gravity is less in the space shuttle
How does an astronaut’s mass while orbiting in the space shuttle compare with his mass while standing on Earth’s surface
The mass is the same in both places
The force of gravity on the Moon is 1/6 as large as on Earth. How does free-fall acceleration on the Moon compare with free-fall acceleration on Earth? Free-fall acceleration will be
1/6 as large on the Moon
Which of the following correctly states Newton’s third law of motion? Forces occur in matched pairs that are
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
