Chapter two

Question 1

Freud’s __________ was a strict authoritarian while Freud’s _________ adored & spoiled Freud

Answer 1

Father, mother

Question 2

What was Freud’s theory based on?

Answer 2

personal experiences (relationship with his father and mother; his own struggle with sexuality / impotence), memories, and case studies of his clients

Question 3

What traditional approach to the study of personality did Freud, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler all oppose?

Answer 3

The three psychologists mentioned were opposed to behaviorism, or the idea that human behavior could be understood simply by looking at people’s overt behaviors.

Question 4

Penis envy

Answer 4

Female version of the Oedipus complex. Developmental stage. They discover that they lack a penis and this is a catastrophe so they question what happened to their penis and then they infer that they were castrated. They then turn to their father as a penis substitute and love him and then reject their mother who lacks a penis.

Question 5

What distinguished Freud’s psychoanalysis from other personality theories of his time?

Answer 5

Its scope: Freud’s theories are of a large scope. Most ideas of theorists in the field of personality are narrow and deal with precise aspects of a topic. Freud provided a grand theory of psychoanalysis- an all-encompassing theory of the psyche.

Question 6

Was Freud himself a highly sexual man?

Answer 6

No, in terms of sexuality he was deeply conflicted and he struggled with impotence.

Question 7

Freud studied with ___________

Answer 7

Jean Charcot

Question 8

What was Freud’’s mentor, Jean Charcot’s approach to the study of personality?

Answer 8

Jean Charcot used hypnosis to understand unconscious processes that a person might be preoccupied with but unaware of.

Question 9

Psychoanalytic therapy was later termed ____________ .

Answer 9

psychodynamic therapy

Question 10

Thantos / death drives

Answer 10

The death instinct. Reflects Freud’s pessimistic view of human nature. Freud believed that we all possess an instinctual drive toward aggression, destruction of self, and destruction of others-ultimately the drive toward death of the self. Return to the inorganic (which is where we first came from).

Question 11

Freud’s pessimistic view of human nature was reflected in his work. Name the three “palliative measures” Freud believed we employ in our daily struggle.

Answer 11

• powerful deflections: cause us to make light of our misery
• substitution satisfactions: diminish our misery
• intoxicating substances, which make us insensible to our misery

Question 12

Outline Freud’s conception of the instincts

Answer 12

• Propelling forces of personality
• Form of energy
• Life instincts and death drives

Question 13

Life instincts

Answer 13

• Oriented toward survival
• Libido
• Cathexis

Question 14

Where does psychic energy arise from, according to Freud?

Answer 14

Libido

Question 15

Libido

Answer 15

Origin of psychic energy. Propels us to act the way we do, influencing our personality.

Question 16

Psychic energy can never be _________ but instead ___________.

Answer 16

Destroyed; changes form

Question 17

Cathexis

Answer 17

The idea that we concentrate our psychic energy on a single goal or an object or an idea. We discharge our psychic energy through cathexis but it is never destroyed. For example, when thirsty we have a drive to find water. then another drive will take it’s place.

Question 18

What did Freud cite as being the difference between drives and instincts?

Answer 18

a “drive,” for Freud, is a force that is not essential to the life of an organism (unlike an instinct) and tends to denature it or make it behave in ways that are sometimes counter-intuitive.

Question 19

According to Freud, what does the conflict between the id, the ego and the superego result in?

Answer 19

tension that fuels the psychic energy causing anxiety.

Question 20

Id

Answer 20

The Id acts on the pleasure principal-to seek pleasure and avoid pain to satisfy a need as soon as possible and to get whatever it wants immediately. Primary process thinking.

Question 21

Ego

Answer 21

Ego-works on the reality principle. It helps us figure out how to satisfy pleasures or give up on the urges that we have. IT is a mediator between the ID and another structure-the Superego. Secondary process thinking.

Question 22

Superego

Answer 22

The superego is the Internalized rules that we learn from parents and society. As you make your way through the world, sometimes you do things that are not allowed and you are punished for it. You develop a conscious that tells you when things are wrong. Ego-ideal.

Question 23

What is the negative aspect of the superego?

Answer 23

can be so rigid that it constantly shames you and makes you feel guilty and bad for your actions.

Question 24

What are thee three structures of the personality according to Freud?

Answer 24

Id, ego, and superego

Question 25

Neurotic anxiety

Answer 25

id verses ego. caused by the ego feeling overwhelmed by the Id and threatening to express itself in irrational behavior or thoughts. For example, you fear that your professor is angry at your for no apparent reason and you perceive her as being cold and not smiling at you.

Question 26

Reality or objective anxiety

Answer 26

tangible dangers

Question 27

Moral anxiety

Answer 27

Id verses superego. Usually based on a feeling that one’s internalized values are about to be compromised. You went out to a party, drank too much and slept in. Now you plan to call your boss at work to lie and say that you are sick. There is a fear of self-punishment (guilt) for acting contrary to one’s values.

Question 28

Anxiety

Answer 28

Neurotic, reality, and moral. A feeling of impending danger. It causes tension and threatens your feelings of having an integral self.