Chapter Two Flashcards
What is systemic inflammation?
Systemic inflammation means that it is found within the body and not as easily recognized by the traditional signs of redness and swelling.
What are neurotransmitters?
Substances in the body (including peptides, nitric oxide, and cytokines) that influence mood, memory, attention, and sleep and are affected by nutrients taken in through diet. Neurotransmitters include catecholamines, amino acid neurotransmitters, and amine neurotransmitters.
What are phytonutrients?
Compounds found in fruits and vegetables that support the immune system and actively cool down inflammation in the body.
What are ROS?
Reactive oxygen species that have separate and essential roles in normal physiology and are required for a variety of normal processes. Different ROS are also strongly implicated in the etiology of diseases such as cancers, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, chronic inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases.
What are botanical extracts?
Herbs grown specifically for the production of botanical extracts under controlled conditions that originate from a characterized and uniform genetic source with a taxonomic record of the genus, species, and cultivar or other additional identifiers.
What is oxidative stress?
Consequential oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids when the rate of ROS generation exceeds the capacity of antioxidant defense. Oxidative stress is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases.
What are RNS?
Reactive nitrogen species, which include nitric oxide (NO) and its congeners such as peroxynitrite and nitroxyl anion.
What is the importance of the HMBA scan?
HMBA (Hydroxybenzoic acids) scan may be useful to assess the impact of gut microflora on the host and the imbalances that can occur in neurological disease.
What is frailty?
Frailty is a biological syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors, resulting from cumulative declines across multiple physiological systems, and causing vulnerability to adverse outcomes.
What are the characteristics of GPR40?
GPR40 (G-protein receptor) is a receptor for free fatty acids. Medium to long chain agonists C12-C16. Gq/11 G-Protein coupling. Tissue distribution includes the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, brain and monocytes. Physiological roles include glucose-dependent insulin release.
