Chapter Three: Poverty, Economic Security and Justice

Question 1

How people are affected in my community

Answer 1

1. Treated with less respect
2. Treated poorly - bus should be free but others don’t want homeless people to use it
3. They did it to themselves
4. Groups involved
5. Being afraid of those in poverty
6. Lack of trust - people would break into places - never give money to homeless people

Question 2

Policies for supportive housing, housing supply

Answer 2

1. Low-income housing
   Woodward’s Building: built in the worst part
   of Vancouver
   Mixed-use
   Gentrification - Put expensive stores
   around will not make people rich
   Cohabitating: rich and poor do not know
   that they live with each other
2. Student Housing
   High rent costs
   Limit of student aid
   Limited availability
   Downtown urban campuses

Question 3

Redistributive Justice

Answer 3

The sharing of wealth with those who have wealth with those with less wealth

EXAMPLE: Income support
Social insurance, benefits based on age, social assistance
Old age security
Child benefits
Provision of public goods
Welfare
Pays the least amount
Have to prove that you have no money

Question 4

Mincome

Answer 4

Guaranteed annual income would cause people to leave the workforce
Social effects on the communities involved
Act as an alternative to welfare
Winnipeg and Dauphin - 1200 low-income families random selection in ‘Peg, everyone in Dauphin
Different levels of payment
If you worked, you’d lose some of your payment (same as welfare)
Participants did not need to prove they needed the money (different to welfare)

Result:
Minicome did not cause a significant labour force reduction in Dauphin
Give poor people money they won’t work - untrue
New mothers chose to stay home longer with their babies and teenage boys stayed in school instead of dropping out before Grade 12 to help support their families
Minicome also showed Dauphin had lower rates of domestic violence, work-related injuries, farm and motor vehicle accidents, and mental illnesses than in surrounding areas.
Minicome had positive outcomes for the whole community - not just poverty and the workforce

Question 5

Dimensions of Poverty

Answer 5

Poverty does not stop at some point in your life, poverty is an example of intersectionality.

1. Indigenous People
   Higher rate of crime
   Failure of criminal justice system
   Do a lot but does nothing
2. Child Poverty
   Child of single parent - more prone
   More likely to use housing services and food banks
3. Marginalized Groups
   Immigrants
4. Persons with Disabilities
   Poverty Lines
   Cost of medical equipment
   Not measured in poverty calculations
5. Persons of Colour
   Racism and discrimination
   Life expectancy - lower than average
6. LGBTQ2S Individuals

All face discriminations - loss of job opportunities.

Question 6

MBM

Answer 6

Employment and social development Canada
Basket of needs, cost of it -> vary from place to place, as well as quantity. Ex. cost of transportation

1. They are context specific, where you live cost will vary. Standardized to 2 adults 2 children
   Ex. Need to have threshold income to be considered above or below poverty.

Question 7

LICO

Answer 7

Line in the sand
Level of income that indicates where a family will be strained
Need to spend more of their income to basic necessities
Unlike two adults two children, it is impacted by how big family is - rural vs urban will differ the costs also

Question 8

LIM

Answer 8

Making international comparisons
Low income = more worst off than average
Averaged by one half of median of area
If the median is 60k, if you are 30k you are under
Need to know household income and compare it to median - easy for comparison

Question 9

Economic Security

Answer 9

1. Basic Income
   Policies like mincome where you are guaranteed income alongside normal salary
2. Food Security
   All people have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
   Important?
   Health - increased risk when not nourished
   Children need proper food and nourishment to grow properly
   Basic human need - need it to survive
   Climate Change
   Food supply is not limitless
3. January 1994 - Housing
   Federal government got out of the business of caring about housing -> went to the province
   10-15 different housing policy across different provinces
   Canada has no federal housing policy - unlike most of the world
   Level of risk to become impoverished is due to provincial policy makers
   Make housing more affordable and available
4. Education
   University can determine who sits in lecture rooms
   Someone has potential but no money
   Less investment in public education
   Less quality in teaching/learning
   School more expensive, parent is around less
   International student - tuition will be triple compared to normal
5. Healthcare
   Access to mental health centers
   Dental healthcare -> included in public healthcare costs

Question 10

SIS

Answer 10

example of how if there is no government intervention in some policies, they will not work and result in a bigger problem.