Chapter Three: Perception

Question 1

Explain the inverse projection problem

Answer 1

An image on a retina can be created by many objects in an environment causing it to be ambiguous. Easy solve for humans but not computers.

Question 2

Bottom up Vs top down processing

Answer 2

Bottom up processing is when something starts at the beginning of the system.
→ eye to brain, environmental energy stimulates receptors.
Top down processing begins in the brain to bring reason to the bottom up so we can adapt to what we are seeing.
→ relies on knowledge of the environment and expectations of the situation.

Question 3

Describe computer vision * go back and learn better *

Question 4

Principals of perceptual organization

Answer 4

” The whole is different ten the sum of it’s parts”
Why elements group together to form objects.

Question 5

Principal of good continuation

Answer 5

Points when connected result in straight or smoothly curving, belong together, follow simplist path

Ask for example: coiled rope, yarn,

Question 6

Other names for principal of good figure

Answer 6

Law of pragnanz
Principal of simplicity

Question 7

What is the principal of good figure?

Answer 7

Patterns are been in a way that the structure is as simple as possible.

Question 8

What are the two factors of the Bayesian interference?

Answer 8

1. Prior: our initial belief of what the outcome will be
2. Likelihood: is the possible outcome consistent with available evidence

Question 9

Experience-dependant plasticity

Answer 9

Neural responding and development is based on experience and can shape the nervous system.

Question 10

What is the fusiform face area?

Answer 10

Located in temporal lobe
Contains neurons that respond best to faces.

Question 11

If I am an expert in cats, what part of my brain is firing the most when identifying them?

Answer 11

The fusiform face area in the temporal lobe

Question 12

What is the purpose of perception?

Answer 12

So we can identify what is in our environment and then interact with it based on what we have perceived.

Question 13

What is a brain abolation?

Answer 13

When a piece of the brain is removed, mostly in animals, most often to determine the function of that part of the brain

Question 14

Difference between object and landmark discrimination?

Answer 14

Object discrimination is identifying a certain object while amongst other, different objects.

Landmark discrimination is a spatial reasoning task to remember an objects location.

Question 15

Explain the what pathway

Answer 15

Was discovered by removing the temporal lobe.

It is the neural pathway extending from the occipital lobe to the temporal lobe.

Associated with perceiving or recognizing objects and corresponds to the perception pathway.

Question 16

You’ve had your parietal lobe removed. Explain.

Answer 16

You would have difficulty solving the landmark discrimination problem.

The pathway leading to this lobe is responsible for determining an objects location..

It is called the what pathway

Question 17

What is another name for the what and where pathways?

Answer 17

The what pathway is also called the ventral pathway
The where pathway is also called the dorsal pathway