Chapter Three notes

Question 1

Purposes of punishment

Answer 1

• Retribution
• Deterrence
• Rehabilitation
• Incapacitation
• Restoration

Question 2

Retribution

Answer 2

-Determining an appropriate punishment to be inflicted upon an offender

• assuming everyone knows right from wrong, what punishment is suitable for the crime?

Question 3

Specific Deterrence

Answer 3

Punishment is imposed to discourage a defendant from committing a crime in the future

Question 4

General Deterrence

Answer 4

Punishment is imposed to discourage others from breaking the law

Question 5

Rehabilitation

Answer 5

Appeals to the notion that people are inherently good and capable of change given the proper support and resources

Question 6

Incapacitation

Answer 6

Removes offenders from society to prevent further harm

Question 7

Selective Incapacitation

Answer 7

Singles out offenders who commit designated crimes for lengthy incarceration

Question 8

Restoration

Answer 8

Requires the offender to be held accountable for their actions by engaging in financial restitution and community service to compensate the victims and refresh the community

Question 9

Probation

Answer 9

The avoidance or suspension of a prison sentence given that the offender obeys a certain set of standards and reports to a probation officer

Question 10

Intermediate Sanction

Answer 10

short term “shock” incarceration, community service, restitution

Question 11

Assets forfeiture

Answer 11

Court ordered seizure of the fruits of illegal narcotic drug transaction

Question 12

Determinate Sentence

Answer 12

State legislature gives little discretion and specifies a sentence for the offender

• sentence shorter or longer than the specification must be justified by the judge

Question 13

Mandatory Minimum Sentece

Answer 13

Legislature requires the judge to assign the minimum sentence

Question 14

Intermediate Sentence

Answer 14

The state legislature provides judges to set a minimum and maximum sentence within set limits

Question 15

Presumptive Sentencing Guidelines

Answer 15

Legislative established commissions provide a sentencing formula based on the nature of the crime, the individual’s criminal history, and other factors

Question 16

Consecutive Sentences

Answer 16

Sentences for each criminal act are served one after another

Question 17

Concurrent Sentences

Answer 17

Sentences are served at the same time

Question 18

Pardon

Answer 18

exempts an individual from additional punishment

• Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution authorizes the president to pardon federal offenses

Question 19

Plea Bargain

Answer 19

most criminal cases don’t reach trial due to plea bargains

• when the defendant agrees to plea guilty

Question 20

Sam Laws

Answer 20

prohibit convicts from profiting from events that recount the details of their crimes

• funds are instead available to the victims

Question 21

Victim Impact Statements

Answer 21

Authorize the victim to give a statement that does not comment on the crime, the defendant, or the appropriate sentence