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Chem 151 > Chapter three > Flashcards

Chapter three Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Is matter smooth?

A

No. Only appears smooth.

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3
Q

What forms matter?

A

Atoms.

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4
Q

atoms

A

submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of matter

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5
Q

What can atoms do?

A

bond together to form molecules

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6
Q

molecules

A

two or more atoms joined together in a specific geometric arrangement

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7
Q

What are the two types of mixtures?

A

Heterogeneous- uniform varies from one region to another + can see different components
Homogeneous- composition is uniform throughout mixture + cannot see different components

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8
Q

What must both mixtures contain?

A

one element or compound in ratios that can be varied

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9
Q

What are the two different types of pure substances?

A

Elements- substance that CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances
Compounds- substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed and definite proportion
EX: Water can be broken down into elements

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10
Q

How else can matter be characterized?

A

whether it is a pure substance or mixture

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11
Q

pure substance

A

only composed of one atom or molecule

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12
Q

mixture

A

composition of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions

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13
Q

Liquid molecules

A

molecules are still near each other but free to move around/on top of each other SLIDE

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14
Q

Result of liquid molecules?

A

fixed volumes and indefinite shapes

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15
Q

Gas atoms/molecules

A

molecules separated by large distances and not really in contact with each other

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16
Q

Result of gas molecules?

A

indefinite volumes and indefinite shapes

BUT COMPRESSIBLE LOTS OF EXTRA SPACE TO PUSH OUT

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17
Q

solid molecules

A

packed close together in fixed locations- vibrations possible
NO REAL MOVEMENT

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18
Q

Result of solid molecules?

A

fixed volumes and fixed shapes

INCOMPRESSIBLE!! NOT COMPRESSIBLE!

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19
Q

What can solids be?

A

crystalline and amorphous

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20
Q

crystalline

A

long-range repeating patterns of atoms

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21
Q

amorphous

A

no long range order

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22
Q

What are the three main phases of matter?

A

solids
liquids
gases

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23
Q

NOTE!!

A

when compound undergoes phase change (ice melting) NO bonds are BROKEN or FORMED

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24
Q

Pure substance or mixture?
Mix= homo or het?
Pure= element or compound?
mecury in thermometer

A

pure substance ; element

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25
Q

Pure substance or mixture?
Mix= homo or het?
Pure= element or compound?
exhaled air

A

mixture ; homogeneous

26
Q

Pure substance or mixture?
Mix= homo or het?
Pure= element or compound?
misetrone soup

A

mixture ; hetergeneous

27
Q

Pure substance or mixture?
Mix= homo or het?
Pure= element or compound?
sugar

A

pure substance ; molecule/compound
WHY?
can’t control how sugary sugar is
can’t control compound = Pure

28
Q

Pure substance or mixture?
Mix= homo or het?
Pure= element or compound?
a lead weight

A

pure substance ; element

29
Q

Pure substance or mixture?
Mix= homo or het?
Pure= element or compound?
seawater

A

mixture (salt) ; compound (H2O)

30
Q

Pure substance or mixture?
Mix= homo or het?
Pure= element or compound?
distilled water

A

pure substance; compound (H2O)

31
Q

Physical property

A

characteristic of substance that does not change its composition
-odor, color, texture, boiling point

ATOMIC OR MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE

32
Q

Chemical property

A

characteristic of substance that DOES change its composition when displayed

  • flammability, reactivity with water
  • atomic or molecular composition of substance DOES change
33
Q

Physical or chemical?

the tendency of copper to turn green when exposed to air

A

chemical

34
Q

Physical or chemical?

tendency of automobile paint to fade over time

A

chemical b/c the paint is decomposing

35
Q

Physical or chemical?

tendency of gasoline to evaporate quickly when spilled

A

physical

36
Q 
Physical or chemical? 
low mass (for given volume) of Al relative to other metals
A

physical

37
Q

when matter does NOT change its chemical composition after a process, it underwent a

A

Physical change

Ex: ice melting

38
Q

if matter DOES change its chemical composition after a process, it underwent a

A

Chemical change

Ex: iron rusting

39
Q

What causes chemical changes?

A

chemical reactions

Reactants —–> Products

40
Q

A physical change results in..

A

a different form of the same substance

41
Q

A chemical change results in..

A

an entirely different substance

42
Q

Changes- chemical or physical?

copper metal forming a blue solution when dropped into a colorless Nitric acid

A

chemical change

43
Q

Changes- chemical or physical?

a match igniting a firework

A

chemical change

44
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

matter cannot be created or destroyed

not even during chemical reaction!

45
Q

What fall under the catergory of energy?

A

components of our universe that don’t qualify as matter

46
Q

energy

A

capacity to do work

47
Q

work

A

result of any force acting over a distance

48
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed
-energy can be changed from one form into another, or transferred between objects, but the total energy of the universe must remain constant

49
Q

Total energy of a system?

A

combo of kinetic and potential energy

50
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy associated with motion

51
Q

potential energy

A

energy associated with position or composition

52
Q

electrical energy

A

energy from flow of electrical change

53
Q

thermal energy

A

energy from random movements of atoms/molecules (more thermal energy = hotter object)

54
Q

chemical energy

A

a form of potential energy associated with the position and types of chemicals

55
Q

since energy can only be transferred we’re always looking at an energy exchange between the..

A

system (what you’re studying) and the surroundings

56
Q

systems with high potential energy tend to undergo a chemical reaction..

A

to lower their potential energy (unstable)

57
Q

exothermic reaction

A

chemical reactions that RELEASE energy

58
Q

endothermic reaction

A

chemical reactions that ABSORB energy

boiling pasta

59
Q

SI unit of energy

A

joule (J)

60
Q

1 cal

A

amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1g H2O by 1 Celsius

Chem 151 (1 decks)

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