Chapter Test Review Flashcards
Chapter
Whole Foods
Not processed or refined
Processed Foods
Prepared using different techniques such as milling, cooking, freezing or canning.
Enrichment
Nutrients are added in place of nutrients lost in processing.
Ex. Bread enriched with iron & B vitamins.
Fortification
Nutrients are added that were not present originally / added to increase the amount present.
Ex. Vitamin A in cereal.
Natural Foods
No added colours, artificial flavours or synthetic ingredients.
Organic Foods
Produced without using most conventional pesticides, petroleum-based fertilizers / sewage sludge-based fertilizers, bioengineering & ionizing radiation.
Super Foods
Foods that are nutrient dense & known to have health benefits
Phytochemicals
Compounds found in plant food (fruit & veg) that promote health & protect from disease.
5 Primary Taste Sensations
Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Umami
Basal Metabolism
2/3 total of energy needs for people who aren’t very active.
BMR
Depends on gender, age, growth, height, temp, fever/stress, exercise, smoking/caffeine & sleep.
Essential Nutrients
Can’t be made in the body / in the quantities. needed by the body.
Ex. Vitamins & Minerals
DRI
Dietary Reference Intake
-Amount you need on a daily basis (RDA)
-Intake value used when RDA can’t be established because there’s not enough scientific data. (AI)
-Maximum intake level above which toxicity would increase.(UL)
Digestion
Process by which food is broken down into its components in the gastrointestinal tract with the help of digestive enzymes.
Absorption
The passage of digested nutrients through the walls of the intestines or stomach into the blood, where they are transported to cells.
Metabolism
The chemical process by which nutrients are used to support life.
The Gastrointestinal Tract
- Mouth - Chews food and mixes it with saliva.
- Pharynx - Swallows food and saliva.
- Esophagus - Moves food to stomach.
- Stomach - Churns and mixes food: secrets acid and a protein digesting enzyme.
- Small Intestine- Completes digestion: absorbs nutrients into blood or lymph.
- Large Intestine - Absorbs water and some vitamins/minerals; home to intestinal bacteria: passes waste material.
- Anus - Opens to allow waste to leave body.
Sustainable Food System
-sustainable agriculture
-Growing crops, producing livestock, processing, packaging and distributing foods sustainably.
-Food is affordable and workers (ex. farmers) should make a living wage.
Carbohydrates
Made up of sugar, starches and fibre.
Photosynthesis
-Most carb foods are plant foods.
- plants make their own carbs (glucose) in a process called photosynthesis.
Types of Carbohydrates
Simple carbs = Sugars
- building block of most sweeteners used.
Complex carb = starch - fibre
- contain chains of glucose - simple sugar.
Single Sugars
Glucose, Fructose & Galactose.
Double Sugars
Sucrose & Lactose
Low/no Kcalorie Sweeteners
Artificial Sweeteners
- Sucralose
-Aspartame
- Acesulfame potassium
Sugar Replacers
- occur naturally in plants
-used in sugar free gum and candies.
