Chapter Test Review

Question 1

Whole Foods

Answer 1

Not processed or refined

Question 2

Processed Foods

Answer 2

Prepared using different techniques such as milling, cooking, freezing or canning.

Question 3

Enrichment

Answer 3

Nutrients are added in place of nutrients lost in processing.
Ex. Bread enriched with iron & B vitamins.

Question 4

Fortification

Answer 4

Nutrients are added that were not present originally / added to increase the amount present.
Ex. Vitamin A in cereal.

Question 5

Natural Foods

Answer 5

No added colours, artificial flavours or synthetic ingredients.

Question 6

Organic Foods

Answer 6

Produced without using most conventional pesticides, petroleum-based fertilizers / sewage sludge-based fertilizers, bioengineering & ionizing radiation.

Question 7

Super Foods

Answer 7

Foods that are nutrient dense & known to have health benefits

Question 8

Phytochemicals

Answer 8

Compounds found in plant food (fruit & veg) that promote health & protect from disease.

Question 9

5 Primary Taste Sensations

Answer 9

Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Umami

Question 10

Basal Metabolism

Answer 10

2/3 total of energy needs for people who aren’t very active.

Question 11

BMR

Answer 11

Depends on gender, age, growth, height, temp, fever/stress, exercise, smoking/caffeine & sleep.

Question 12

Essential Nutrients

Answer 12

Can’t be made in the body / in the quantities. needed by the body.
Ex. Vitamins & Minerals

Question 13

DRI

Answer 13

Dietary Reference Intake
-Amount you need on a daily basis (RDA)
-Intake value used when RDA can’t be established because there’s not enough scientific data. (AI)
-Maximum intake level above which toxicity would increase.(UL)

Question 14

Digestion

Answer 14

Process by which food is broken down into its components in the gastrointestinal tract with the help of digestive enzymes.

Question 15

Absorption

Answer 15

The passage of digested nutrients through the walls of the intestines or stomach into the blood, where they are transported to cells.

Question 16

Metabolism

Answer 16

The chemical process by which nutrients are used to support life.

Question 17

The Gastrointestinal Tract

Answer 17

1. Mouth - Chews food and mixes it with saliva.
2. Pharynx - Swallows food and saliva.
3. Esophagus - Moves food to stomach.
4. Stomach - Churns and mixes food: secrets acid and a protein digesting enzyme.
5. Small Intestine- Completes digestion: absorbs nutrients into blood or lymph.
6. Large Intestine - Absorbs water and some vitamins/minerals; home to intestinal bacteria: passes waste material.
7. Anus - Opens to allow waste to leave body.

Question 18

Sustainable Food System

Answer 18

-sustainable agriculture
-Growing crops, producing livestock, processing, packaging and distributing foods sustainably.
-Food is affordable and workers (ex. farmers) should make a living wage.

Question 19

Carbohydrates

Answer 19

Made up of sugar, starches and fibre.

Question 20

Photosynthesis

Answer 20

-Most carb foods are plant foods.
- plants make their own carbs (glucose) in a process called photosynthesis.

Question 21

Types of Carbohydrates

Answer 21

Simple carbs = Sugars
- building block of most sweeteners used.
Complex carb = starch - fibre
- contain chains of glucose - simple sugar.

Question 22

Single Sugars

Answer 22

Glucose, Fructose & Galactose.

Question 23

Double Sugars

Answer 23

Sucrose & Lactose

Question 24

Low/no Kcalorie Sweeteners

Answer 24

Artificial Sweeteners
- Sucralose
-Aspartame
- Acesulfame potassium
Sugar Replacers
- occur naturally in plants
-used in sugar free gum and candies.

Question 25

2 types of fibre

Answer 25

Soluable & unsoluable