Chapter Ten – Internal and External War

Question 1

What advancements had France made between September 1792 - January 1793?

Answer 1

The ‘Army of the North’ had been successful in the Austrian Netherlands.
The ‘Army of the Alps’ had seized land that allied with Austria.
French forces had advanced to the middle and upper Rhine.

Question 2

Who entered the anti-France coalition in January 1793?

Answer 2

Spain and Portugal

Question 3

Who did France declare war on in February and March of 1793?

Answer 3

Britain and the United Provinces
and later Spain

Question 4

What is a war of Coalition?

Answer 4

A conflict where multiple countries are on the same side in a war effort even though they are not part of a war alliance

Question 5

When did the First Coalition war begin?

Answer 5

1793

Question 6

What was the The Rising in the Vendee?

Answer 6

A revolt of provincials and local noblemen who lead opposition against the National Convention

Question 7

When was a ‘Catholic and Royal Army of the Vendee’ was formed?

Answer 7

March 1793

Question 8

How did the government attempt to control the rebellions in May?

Answer 8

Convention sent 30,000 men to the area to control the rebellion

Question 9

Was government intervention successful in May to control the rising in the Vendee?

Answer 9

No - continued to spread and seize areas throughout June

Question 10

What decree was placed to control uprising?

Answer 10

Destruction of the Vendee

Question 11

How was the Vendeean army finally destructed?

Answer 11

In September an army of 100,000 fought and in December destroyed the core of the Vendeean army

Question 12

Why were the attempts to establish wartime control put into place?

Answer 12

To battle both the internal and external enemies the republic was facing

Question 13

Who were the attempts to establish control supported by?

Answer 13

Jacobins (mainly Robespierre) and not by Girondins

Question 14

What was the Committee of General Security set up in October 1792?

Answer 14

12 deputies who had to report to the Convention who had responsibility for policing and the legal systems of the government

Question 15

What were the Representants-en-mission set up in March 1793?

Answer 15

Pairs who travelled around France to ensure the loyalty and effectiveness of each département and arrested suspicious behaviour

Question 16

What were Revolutionary Tribunals set up in March 1793?

Answer 16

Politically motivated courts elected by the Convention best known for sentencing people to the guillotine

Question 17

What were Surveillance Committees set up in March 1793?

Answer 17

Watch committees to look out for suspicious behaviours, which would be handed to the tribunals

Question 18

What was the Committee of Public Safety set up in April 1793?

Answer 18

Had responsibility of war affairs and authority over CGS and other government agencies. Consisted of 12 radical dictators that instigated the Terror

Question 19

Why were the Girondins removed from the National Convention?

Answer 19

Sans-culottes mob of 100,000 surrounded NC and demanded they be expelled from government after Marat (Jacobin) published newspaper blaming Girondins for all France’s problems

Question 20

What was the Federalist Revolt in May 1793?

Answer 20

Girondin reaction to the strong centralised powers of the Jacobins and aftermath of the expulsion of Girondins from National Convention

Question 21

When was the Jacobin Constitution?

Answer 21

June 1793

Question 22

What did the Jacobin Constitution decree?

Answer 22

All adult males had the right to vote
Every man had the right to express direct political action
Everyone entitled to public assistance e.g. given work