chapter six Flashcards
five mammalian features that primates share
- mammary glands
- hair
- middle ear (3 ossicles: incus, malleus, stapes)
- one bone in the lower jaw
- diphyodonty (set of baby teeth and adult teeth)
variation in primate teeth
- canine: premolar honing complex
- diastema: space for upper canines
- sectorial premolar: slight difference in shape; space for lower canines
how parental investment and brain size are related in primates
mothers teach their offspring about various things such as social stuff and survival skills, increasing their intelligence = bigger brains
skeletal structure of primates
- mobile joints
- hands and feet
- precision and power grips
- opposable thumb
- S shape spine
enhanced touch of primates
- dermal ridges (individual fingerprint)
- nails instead of claws
enhanced vision of primates
eyes moved closer to front of head rather than side
primate diet and teeth
- depends on food and environment
- apes and humans: 2.1.2.3
- tooth comb variation that helps primates out with grooming and scraping food
primate parental investment
- one offspring at a time
- several years between births
- mothers care for offspring for a long time
why are tarsiers a classification issue?
tarsiers are more like us with their noses because of their moveable upper lip
suborder strepsirhini
lemurs, lorises
lemurs
- madagascar
- diurnal and nocturnal
- mainly arboreal
- gregarious (groups)l
lorises
- nocturnal
- arboreal
- locomotion: slow, quadrapedalism and vertical clinging and leaping (VCL)
suborder haplorhini
tarsiers, anthropoids (monkeys, apes, humans)
tarsiers
- nocturnal
- insectivores
- locomotion VCL
- classification difficulties
infraorder anthropoidea (anthropoids)
- larger brain and body
- increased use of vision
- longer gestation and maturation periods
- flat faces
parvorder platyrrhini (platyrrhines)
- new world monkeys (howler monkey, spider monkey, capuchin monkey)
- broad noses with nostrils outward
- 2.1.3.3 dental formula
- some have prehensile tails
parvorder catarrhini (catarrhines)
- old world monkeys (apes, humans)
- narrow nose, nostrils downwards
- arboreal/terrestrial
- quadrupedal
- 2123 dental formula
superfamily hominoidea (hominoids)
- apes and humans
- large brain and body
- broad face
- tailless
- Y-5 pattern on molars
family hylobatidae
lesser apes, gibbons
family hominidae
great apes and humans
hominoid locomotion
- suspensory (moving/hanging on trees with limbs)
- brachiation (arm swinging)
- orthograde (walking with upright body)
- knuckle-walking
