Chapter Seven- Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is the difference between an alkane and an alkene?
Alkanes are saturated, single bond hydrocarbon. Alkenes are unsaturated, double bond, hydrocarbons.
What is a hydrocarbon?
Any compound formed of only hydrogen and carbon.
What is combustion?
Burning using oxygen, forming carbon dioxide and water in complete combustion, and carbon monoxide in incomplete combustion.
Where do shorter chain hydrocarbons condense in fractional distillation?
At the top of the column, where it is colder.
What is cracking?
Cracking is the splitting up of longer chain hydrocarbons.
What is hydrogenation?
The addition of hydrogen to an alkene, forming an alkane.
How is crude oil formed?
Crude oil is a fossil fuel, that is formed when the remains of plants and animals (mainly plankton) are under pressure with a high temperature.
Give the formula for an alkene
CnH2n
What is used to test for alkenes?
Bromine water will turn colourless if an alkene is present due to the double bond reacting with it.
Why is cracking used?
Cracking is used to break molecules down, by heating them.
Why are carboxylic acids considered weak acids?
They don’t ionise completely when dissolved in water, they form weak acidic solutions, meaning the pH is higher.
Give the name and formulas for the first four alcohols.
Methanol: CH3OH
Ethanol:C2H5OH
Propanol: C3H7OH
Butanol:C4H9OH
Give a product of cracking that is used to make plastics.
Polymers are formed.
What are polypeptides?
Polymers formed by amino acids via condensation polymerisation.
Why do alkenes burn in air with a smoky flame?
Incomplete combustion results in a yellow smoky flame, and less energy.
