Chapter Seven Flashcards
Branch of biology concerned with effects of ionizing radiation on living systems
Radiation Biology
Ionizing radiation damages living systems by removing _________ from atoms.
Ionizing is disruptive
electrons
Consists of 2 protons and two neutrons. Very heavy and superficial.
Alpha Particles
Once an atom is ionized will it be able to bond properly in molecules
NO
Average energy deposited per unit length of the radiation’s path through tissue
Linear Energy Transfer
LET
LET increases»
Biologic response increases
Low LET=X-Rays and Gamma rays; short wavelength and _______ frequency
High
___(1)___ are types of radiation that exhaust their energy in a shorter length of track and cannot travel or penetrate as far therefore they cause more
___(2)___.
1) High LET Radiation (Alpha)
2) Damage (because they can’t get through)
*Think wrecking balls: They are heavy and destructive)
The ________ the LET, the more likely there may be DNA damage.
Higher
SIDE NOTETHINK**
Risk of damage to DNA because there are several interactions that typically occur in the vicinity of the DNA strand
THINK ABOUT
THE GAME BATTLESHIP: CLOSING CLOSER AROUND A SHIP INCREASES THE LIKELYHOOD OF THE SHIP BEING HIT
Atomic # “Z”=
Number of protons
Atomic Mass # “A”=
Protons + Neutrons
Relative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction
Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE)
LET and RBE are _________ proportional
DIRECTLY
Traditional Unit to SI
/100
SI to Traditional Unit
x100
Rad/Gray
used to measure amount of radiation deposited in ANY object-living or inanimate
Rem/SV
measure radiation absorbed in HUMAN tissue only
Consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons; very heavy
Alpha Particle
Causes superficial/skin damage; can be stopped by black construction paper
Alpha Particle
What is the QF for an Alpha Particle?
20
Instability of an atom caused by addition or removal of electrons
Ionization
Amount of energy deposited in tissue over path of radiation beam
LET
Linear Energy Transfer
Low LET deposits _______ energy in tissue
LOW
EX: x-rays and gamma rays)