Chapter Seven

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

a type of learning in which one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events (involuntary responses)

Question 2

Neutral stimulus

Answer 2

elicits no response before conditioning (bell)

Question 3

Unconditioned response

Answer 3

unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus (salivation)

Question 4

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 4

stimulus that naturally triggers a response (food)

Question 5

Conditioned response

Answer 5

learned response to a previously neutral, now conditioned, stimulus (salivation)

Question 6

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 6

originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response (bell, after combination with food)

Question 7

Behaviorism

Answer 7

all behavior controlled by environmental stimuli

Question 8

Principles of classical conditioning

Answer 8

Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination

Question 9

Operant conditioning

Answer 9

behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher (voluntary learning)

Question 10

Positive reinforcement

Answer 10

add desirable stimulus

Question 11

Negative reinforcement

Answer 11

remove an aversive stimulus

Question 12

Difference between CC and OC

Answer 12

with classical conditioning, we learn associations between events we do not control
with operant conditioning, we learn associations between our behavior and resulting events

Question 13

Acquisition in CC

Answer 13

links a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus so the neutral stimulus triggers the conditioned response

Question 14

Acquisition in OC

Answer 14

strengthening of a reinforced response