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Psych101: 5-Body Rhythms and Mental States > Chapter Review > Flashcards

Chapter Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness is…

A

-awareness of one’s self and one’s environment

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2
Q

Biological rhythms are…

A

-periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning

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3
Q

Biological rhythms are synchronized to…

A
  • external cues

- endogenous cues (from within)

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4
Q

Circadian rhythms occur…

A

-about once a day

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5
Q

Circadian rhythms are governed by….

A

-the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located in the hypothalamus

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6
Q

________, secreted by ________, helps keep the biological clock in phase with the dark-light cycle.

A
  • melatonin

- pineal gland

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7
Q

_________ occurs when circadian rhythms are out of phase with one another.

A

-internal desynchronization

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8
Q

In the treatment of ____________, light treatments are somewhat effective.

A

-seasonal-affective disorder (SAD)

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9
Q

In double-blind studies of PMS, they _____ support claims that emotional symptoms are tied to the menstrual cycle in most women, or that the menstrual cycle affects the ability to work or study

A

-do not

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10
Q

_______ and ________ affect interpretations of bodily and emotional changes.

A
  • expectations

- learning

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11
Q

Periods of REM alternate with non-Rem sleep in a ____minute rhythm.

A

-90 minute

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12
Q

During REM sleep…

A
  • body is limp
  • brain is active
  • vivid dreams occur
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13
Q

In humans, sleep is necessary not only for ________ but for __________.

A
  • bodily restoration

- normal mental functioning

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14
Q

Sleep deprivation of even one night can result in reduced…

A
  • mental flexibility
  • attention
  • creativity
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15
Q

Long periods of sleep-deprivation can result in…

A
  • hallucinations

- delusions

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16
Q

Define: sleep apnea

A

-breathing periodically stops for a few moments, causing the person to choke or gasp

17
Q

In _________, a person is subject to irresistible and unpredictable attacks of sleepines or sleep, lasting from 5-30 minutes.

A

-narcolepsy

18
Q

Define: REM behavioral disorder

A

-muscle paralysis of REM sleep does not occur, and people become physically active while they sleep

19
Q

Scientists believe sleep contributes to…

A
  • consolidation and retention of memories

- enhances problem-solving ability

20
Q

What are the 4 leading theories of dreams?

A
  • psychoanalytic theory
  • problem-solving approach
  • cognitive approach
  • activation-synthesis theory
21
Q

Define: psychoanalytic theory of dreams

A

dreams provide insight into:

  • unconscious motives
  • forbidden desires
  • mental conflicts
22
Q

Define: problem-solving approach

A

-dreams reflect concerns of waking life and may help us resolve them

23
Q

Define: cognitive approach

A

-dreams are a modification of normal waking cognitive activity

24
Q

Define: activation-synthesis theory

A

-dreams occur when the cortex tries to make sense of spontaneous firing of neurons from the pons during REM sleep

25
Q

Define: hypnosis

A

a procedure in which the practitioner suggests changes in:

  • perception
  • sensation
  • thought
  • feeling
  • behavior
26
Q

What does hypnotic responsiveness depend on?

A

-it depends more on the efforts and qualities of the subject rather than the skill of the hypnotist

27
Q

Does hypnosis increase accuracy of memory?

A

-no

28
Q

What are the leading theories of hypnosis?

A
  • dissociation theory

- sociocognitive theory

29
Q

Define: dissociation view of hypnosis

A
  • hypnosis is a split in consciousness

- there is a hypnotized part of the mind, and a hidden observer (or executive control system)

30
Q

Define: sociocognitive view of hypnosis

A

-the hypnotized person uses cognitive strategies (ex. imagination) to comply with the suggestions of the hypnotist

31
Q

Psychoactive drugs alter…

A

-perception
-cognition
-memory
-mood
-behavior
by changing the body’s biochemistry

32
Q

Drug classifications, based on their effects on the CNS, include…

A

-stimulants
-depressants
-opiates
-psychedelics
(marijuana falls outside of these classifications)

33
Q

The psychology of a drug effects may vary, depending on…

A
  • expectation of the drug’s effects (mental set)
  • environmental setting
  • previous experience with drug
  • a person’s physical condition

Psych101: 5-Body Rhythms and Mental States (5 decks)

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