Chapter reading

Question 1

a ____________ is a relatively simple_________response made without the involvement of large numbers of _______________?

Answer 1

reflex, motor, association neurons.

Question 2

The simplest reflux requires only one synapse between ________________? what kind of synapses are they?

Answer 2

the sensory and motor neurons, monosynaptic.

Question 3

The knee jerk and patellar reflex are best known examples of ____________?

Answer 3

Muscle stretch reflexes or Monosynaptic

Question 4

impulses traveling on the __________ enter the central nervous system in the ____________ of the ____________ make a ____________ with a motor neuron

Answer 4

sensory axons, dorsal root, peripheal nerve, single synapse.

Question 5

extensors increase?

Answer 5

the angle of a joint

Question 6

flexors in contrast?

Answer 6

decrease the angle of a joint

Question 7

flexor muscles of the knee and joint are the _______________?

Answer 7

hamstrings

Question 8

ipsilateral muscles are?

Answer 8

muscles on the same side of comparison

Question 9

contralateral muscles are?

Answer 9

muscles on the opposite side of the comparison

Question 10

crossed extensor reflex is?

Answer 10

a reflex that helps the body maintain balance and stay upright when one side of the body is stimulated. one limb withdraws from a painful stimulus, and the opposite limb compensates, shifting the body’s weight to the other side.

Question 11

_______________ are embedded within the connective tissue of the muscle and consist of specialized thin muscle fibers known as _______________?

Answer 11

muscle spindles, intrafusual fibers

Question 12

intrafusal fibers are arranged in __________ with the normal muscle cells, also called __________?

Answer 12

parralel, extrafusal fibers.

Question 13

monosynaptic stretch reflexes are?

Answer 13

Monosynaptic stretch reflexes are quick, automatic responses that occur when a muscle is stretched. They involve just one synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.

Question 14

whats the “jerk”

Answer 14

when extrafusal muscle fibers contract during the stretch reflex, producing a short rapid movement of the limb

Question 15

knee jerk reflex testing ___________ nerve?

Answer 15

Femoral, strike ligament of patellar tendon just below the patella (kneecap)

Question 16

ankle jerk reflex tests ____________ nerve?

Answer 16

medial popliteal, strike the achilles (calcaneal) tendon at the level of the ankle

Question 17

Biceps jerk reflex tests _____________ nerve?

Answer 17

musculocutaneous nerve, gently press his or her biceps tendon on the antecubital fossa with your thumb or forefinger and strike this finger with the mallet.

Question 18

triceps jerk reflex tests ______________ nerve?

Answer 18

radial nerve, strike the triceps tendon about two inches above the elbow

Question 19

the ____________ reflex is elicited by cutaneous skin receptors of _________ and is one of the most important ___________ tests.

Answer 19

plantar, the foot, neurological

Question 20

the normal plantar reflex requires the uninterrupted conduction of _______________ along the _______________?

Answer 20

nerve impulses, pyramid motor tracts

Question 21

Damage anywhere along the pyramid motor tracts produces a ________________?

Answer 21

Babinski reflex or babinski sign