Chapter reading Flashcards
a ____________ is a relatively simple_________response made without the involvement of large numbers of _______________?
reflex, motor, association neurons.
The simplest reflux requires only one synapse between ________________? what kind of synapses are they?
the sensory and motor neurons, monosynaptic.
The knee jerk and patellar reflex are best known examples of ____________?
Muscle stretch reflexes or Monosynaptic
impulses traveling on the __________ enter the central nervous system in the ____________ of the ____________ make a ____________ with a motor neuron
sensory axons, dorsal root, peripheal nerve, single synapse.
extensors increase?
the angle of a joint
flexors in contrast?
decrease the angle of a joint
flexor muscles of the knee and joint are the _______________?
hamstrings
ipsilateral muscles are?
muscles on the same side of comparison
contralateral muscles are?
muscles on the opposite side of the comparison
crossed extensor reflex is?
a reflex that helps the body maintain balance and stay upright when one side of the body is stimulated. one limb withdraws from a painful stimulus, and the opposite limb compensates, shifting the body’s weight to the other side.
_______________ are embedded within the connective tissue of the muscle and consist of specialized thin muscle fibers known as _______________?
muscle spindles, intrafusual fibers
intrafusal fibers are arranged in __________ with the normal muscle cells, also called __________?
parralel, extrafusal fibers.
monosynaptic stretch reflexes are?
Monosynaptic stretch reflexes are quick, automatic responses that occur when a muscle is stretched. They involve just one synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.
whats the “jerk”
when extrafusal muscle fibers contract during the stretch reflex, producing a short rapid movement of the limb
knee jerk reflex testing ___________ nerve?
Femoral, strike ligament of patellar tendon just below the patella (kneecap)
ankle jerk reflex tests ____________ nerve?
medial popliteal, strike the achilles (calcaneal) tendon at the level of the ankle
Biceps jerk reflex tests _____________ nerve?
musculocutaneous nerve, gently press his or her biceps tendon on the antecubital fossa with your thumb or forefinger and strike this finger with the mallet.
triceps jerk reflex tests ______________ nerve?
radial nerve, strike the triceps tendon about two inches above the elbow
the ____________ reflex is elicited by cutaneous skin receptors of _________ and is one of the most important ___________ tests.
plantar, the foot, neurological
the normal plantar reflex requires the uninterrupted conduction of _______________ along the _______________?
nerve impulses, pyramid motor tracts
Damage anywhere along the pyramid motor tracts produces a ________________?
Babinski reflex or babinski sign
