Chapter reading

Question 1

Diffusion is _________?

Answer 1

The net movement of solute molecules from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 2

The _____________ is proportional to the concentration differences that exist in the solution.

Answer 2

Rate of diffusion

Question 3

A molecule may move in or out of a cell by diffusion if….?

Answer 3

1. a difference in the concentraion of that molecule (concentration gradient) exists between the intracellular and extracellular compartments and 2. The plasma cell membrane allows the passage of that molecule.

Question 4

The movement of a molecule across the plasma cell membrane by diffusion is called ________________?

Answer 4

passive transport

Question 5

The movement of molecules uphill against their concentration gradients is, by expending metabolic energy is called ___________________?

Answer 5

active transport

Question 6

The ease to which a substances can pass through a membrane is its _______________?

Answer 6

Permeability

Question 7

a living cell must ___________ interact with its environment, so the cell is sorrounded by a membrane that is _______________.

Answer 7

Selectively, Semi-permeable

Question 8

a semi permeable membrane is ___________ permeable to some molecules, ___________ permeable to others, and completely ______________ to still others.

Answer 8

completely, slightly, impermeable

Question 9

The plasma cell membrane is composed primarily of ________________?

Answer 9

two semifluid phospholipid layers with proteins.

Question 10

Most molecules a cell encounters are water soluble meaning?

Answer 10

easily dissolved in water

Question 11

water soluble water molecules have charged groups that are said to be _________

Answer 11

polar

Question 12

Lipids of the cell membrane are _____________ and serve as a _____________ to the passage of ____________ molecules across the membrane

Answer 12

nonpolar, barrier, polar

Question 13

A more highly concentrated solution in relation to a lower one is said to have a ____________________?

Answer 13

greater osmotic pressure

Question 14

osmotic pressure is___________________?

Answer 14

the measure of the ability of a solution to “pull in” water from another solution separated by a semi perm membrane

Question 15

distilled water has an osmotic pressure of zero, why?

Answer 15

because the osmotic pressure of a solution is proportional to its solute concentration, distilled water has no solvent inside of it.

Question 16

dialysis is __________?

Answer 16

a technique of physical seperation.
dialysis tubing is a plastic porus material used to seperate molecules on the basis of their size. artificial semi permeable.

Question 17

non penetrating solutes are said to be ______________?

Answer 17

osmotically active

Question 18

The significance of mole value is ______________?

Answer 18

solutions with equal molarities have equal numbers of molecules

Question 19

if the concentration of osmotically active solute is the same on both sides of a membrane, osmosis will ___________? these two solutions are _____________?

Answer 19

not occur, isotonic to each other

Question 20

Hypotonic is ___________?

Answer 20

lower osmotic pressure, the concentration of solutes is lower than that inside a cell or another solution.

Question 21

Dissociate

Answer 21

molecules (come apart) when they are dissolved in solution.

Question 22

osmolality

Answer 22

the osmolality of a solution is determined by the sum of all the moles of solute in a solution

Question 23

the red blood cell has the same osmotic pressure as ____________?

Answer 23

plasma

Question 24

intravenious (IV) fluids must be _______________ to blood in order to maintain the correct osmotic pressure, and prevent cells from expanding or shrinking

Answer 24

isotonic

Question 25

Crenation is?

Answer 25

shrinking of a cell due to efflux or exiting of water (hypertonic solution)

Question 26

Hemolysis

Answer 26

Bursting of a cell due to a surge in of water. (hypotonic solution)