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INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT > Chapter Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Chapter Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

It is a solid material possessing a negative economic value, which suggests that it is cheaper to discard than to use.

A

Solid Waste

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2
Q

6 Types of Solid Waste

A
  1. Municipal solid waste (MSW)
  2. Hazardous waste
  3. Industrial waste
  4. Medical waste
  5. Construction and demolition (C&D) debris
  6. Agricultural waste
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3
Q

It is ignitable, corrosive, reactive, and/or toxic.

A

Hazardous waste

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4
Q

11 Characteristics of Solid Waste

A
  1. Sampling
  2. Variability
  3. Composition
  4. Density
  5. Moisture content
  6. Particle size
  7. Chemical composition
  8. Heating value
  9. Nutrient (and other substrates) content
  10. Biodegradability
  11. Mechanical properties
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5
Q

3 Categories in Sampling

A
  1. Direct sampling
  2. Material flows
  3. Survey
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6
Q

4 Categories of Variability

A
  1. Seasonal
  2. Regional
  3. Household size
  4. National economy
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7
Q

What are the 5 phases of municipal solid waste collection?

A
  1. House to can
  2. Can to truck
  3. Truck from house to house
  4. Truck routing
  5. Truck to disposal
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8
Q

Routes ___ overlap, ___ compact, and ___ fragmented. (Fill the blanks with should be/should not be)

A

Routes should not overlap, should be compact, and should not be fragmented.

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9
Q

The starting point should be as ___ to the truck garage as possible. (Fill the blanks with close/far)

A

The starting point should be as close to the truck garage as possible.

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10
Q

Heavily traveled streets should be ___ during rush hours.

A

avoided

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11
Q

One-way streets that cannot be traversed in one line ___ looped from the upper end of the street. (Fill the blank with should be/should not be)

A

One-way streets that cannot be traversed in one line should be
looped from the upper end of the street.

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12
Q

Dead-end streets should be collected when on the ___ side of the street. (Fill the blanks with right/left)

A

Dead-end streets should be collected when on the right side of the street.

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13
Q

On hills, collection should proceed ___ so that the truck can
coast. (Fill the blank with uphill/downhill)

A

On hills, collection should proceed downhill so that the truck can
coast.

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14
Q

___ turns around blocks should be used whenever possible. Fill the blank with Clockwise/Counter-clockwise)

A

Clockwise turns around blocks should be used whenever possible.

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15
Q

8.Long, straight paths ___ routed before looping clockwise. (Fill the blank with should be/should not be)

A

Long, straight paths should be routed before looping clockwise.

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16
Q

For certain block patterns, ___ paths should be used.

A

For certain block patterns, standard paths should be used.

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17
Q

U-turns ___ avoided by never leaving one two-way street as the only access and exit to the node. (Fill the blank with can be, cannot be)

A

U-turns can be avoided by never leaving one two-way street as the only access and exit to the node.

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18
Q

It is the reduction in transport costs.

A

Transfer stations

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19
Q

It is the reduction in trafficking of smaller vehicles at the treatment/disposal site.

A

Transfer stations

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20
Q

It is the reduction in refuse crew costs due to waiting time
for vehicles in transit.

A

Transfer stations

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21
Q

Give 2 Examples of Source Reduction.

A

Sustainable packaging
Better durability

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22
Q

State the 4 categories with its percentages where most sustainable packaging efforts are directed.

A

65% - Design for Recyclability or use of Recycled content
57% - Weight Reduction
41% - Renewable or Bio-based Materials
25% - Compostable Materials

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23
Q

What are the three stages of ContiLife Cycle?

A

New Tires > Casing > Retreading > (back to new tires)

24
Q

What are the 9 Ways in Materials Separation

A
  1. Hand sorters (pickers)
  2. Revolving (trommel) screen
  3. Disk screen
  4. Shaking screen
  5. Float/sink separation
  6. Magnets
  7. Eddy current separators
  8. Triboelectric charging
  9. Optical Sorting
25
Q

In materials separation under hand sorters (pickers), it recover any items of value that need not be processed.

A

Positive sorting

26
Q

In materials separation under hand sorters (pickers), it remove all those items that could cause damage to the rest of the processing system.

A

Negative sorting

27
Q

What is the formula of critical speed in revolving (trommel) screen?

A

nc = sqrt (g/4pi^2r)

28
Q

In materials separation, what are the 4 examples of float/sink separation?

A
  1. Jig
  2. Air classifier
  3. Upflow separation
  4. Flotation
29
Q

It is called the deflection due to electric field.

A

Eddy current separators

30
Q

It is called the electric charge from friction.

A

Triboelectric charging

31
Q

What are the 5 types of recycling?

A
  1. Paper recycling
  2. Glass recycling
  3. Aluminum recycling
  4. Ferrous metals recycling
  5. Plastics recycling
32
Q

Recycling one ton of aluminum conserve __ tons of bauxite and __ mW hours of electricity.

A

8,14

33
Q

ASTM Refuse-Derived Fuel that describes the unprocessed MSW (the mass burn option).

A

RDF-1

34
Q

ASTM Refuse-Derived Fuel that describes the MSW shredded but no separation of materials.

A

RDF-2

35
Q

ASTM Refuse-Derived Fuel that describes the organic fraction of shredded MSW. This is actually produced in a materials recovery facility (MRF) or from source-separated organics such as newsprint.

A

RDF-3

36
Q

ASTM Refuse-Derived Fuel that describes the organic waste produced by a MRF that has been further shredded into a fine (almost powder) form, sometimes called fluff.

A

RDF-4

37
Q

ASTM Refuse-Derived Fuel that describes the organic waste produced by a MRF that has been densified by a pelletizer or a similar device. These pellets often can be fired with coal in existing furnaces.

A

RDF-5

38
Q

ASTM Refuse-Derived Fuel that describes the organic fraction of the waste that has been further processed into a liquid fuel, such as oil.

A

RDF-6

39
Q

ASTM Refuse-Derived Fuel that describes the organic waste processed into a gaseous fuel.

A

RDF-7

40
Q

What are the two formulas used for the recovery of energy?

A
  1. Dulong formula (dry wt%)
  2. Regression on compositional basis (dry wt%)
41
Q

It moves and mix solides.

A

Grates

42
Q

What are the three examples of waste tyre or plastic?

A
  1. Pyrolysis oil
  2. Hydrocarbon gas
  3. Charcoal
43
Q

Among the four general modes of operation for manipulation of pyrolysis, it proceeds at a very slow rate of temperature increase, generally less than one degC per second, and the final temperature range is between 500 and 750 degC.

A

Slow pyrolysis

44
Q

Among the four general modes of operation for manipulation of pyrolysis, it takes place at a more rapid temperature rise, of 5 to 100 degC/sec and reaches temperatures of between 750 and 1000 degC.

A

Intermediate pyrolysis

45
Q

Among the four general modes of operation for manipulation of pyrolysis, it occurs when the temperature rise is fast, between 500 and 106 degC/sec. The temperatures reached with this process are over 1000 degC.

A

Rapid pyrolysis

46
Q

Among the four general modes of operation for manipulation of pyrolysis, it takes place when the temperature rise is essentially instantaneous, of over 106 degC/sec. The temperatures attained in this process exceed 1200 degC.

A

Flash pyrolysis

47
Q

For ash residue, about how many percent is the original mass and the original volume?

A

25%,5%

48
Q

It is a group of organic compounds called polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCCD). See also polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF).

A

Dioxin by-products

49
Q

Mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms where temperatures can reach 70 degC.

A

Aerobic partial degradation of organic waste

50
Q

What are the two controlled parameters for composting? State its ranges.

A
  1. Moisture (50%)
  2. C/N ratio (20-80)
51
Q

For fertilizer value of compost from MSW, what is the range of nitrogen as fraction of total solids?

A

0.4 to 1.6

52
Q

For fertilizer value of compost from MSW, what is the range of phosphorus as fraction of total solids?

A

0.1 to 0.4

53
Q

For fertilizer value of compost from MSW, what is the range of potassium as fraction of total solids?

A

0.2 to 0.6

54
Q

What are the three planning considerations for disposal (landfill)?

A
  1. Volume (lifetime) of landfill
  2. Siting (fatal flaw analysis)
  3. Permits and regulations
55
Q

What are the 9 categories of disposal?

A
  1. Degradation process
  2. Leachate production
  3. Leachate quality
  4. Gas production
  5. Landfill design
  6. Landfill liner system
  7. Leachate collection
  8. Landfill gas collection
  9. Landfill operations
56
Q

What are the two methods in landfill operations?

A

Trench method and area method

INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (1 decks)

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