Chapter One vocab

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

the science of the structure of living organisms

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

science of the functions of living organisms

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

basic unit of living organisms

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

group of similar cells specialized for a specific function

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

part of the body formed with two or more tissues

Question 7

Organ system

Answer 7

group of organs that work together to perform a function

Question 8

Organism

Answer 8

a living individual

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

the total of chemical reactions in the body

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

stable internal enviornment of the body

Question 11

Negative-feedback mechanisms

Answer 11

feedback that causes the stimulus to end

Question 12

Receptor

Answer 12

peripheral nerve ending that responds to stimuli

Question 13

Control center

Answer 13

operational center for a group of activities

Question 14

Effector

Answer 14

organ gland or nerve capable of being activated by nerve endings

Question 15

Positive-feedback mechanism

Answer 15

feedback that tends to cause a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change

Question 16

Anatomical position

Answer 16

body position with the arms down at the sides and legs straight

Question 17

Superior

Answer 17

head or upper body

Question 18

Inferior

Answer 18

near the tail end of the body

Question 19

Anterior

Answer 19

the front of the organ, organism or part

Question 20

Sagittal plane

Answer 20

vertical plane that divides the body into left or right portions

Question 21

Transverse plane

Answer 21

plane that divides the body into the superior and inferior parts

Question 22

Frontal Plane

Answer 22

plane that divides the body into posterior and anterior parts

Question 23

Oblique plane

Answer 23

slanting plane of the body

Question 24

Thoracic cavity

Answer 24

the cavity containing the heart and chest protected by the rib cage

Question 25

Abdominal cavity

Answer 25

cavity that holds the stomach, intestines, kidneys, etc.

Question 26

Pelvic cavity

Answer 26

Cavity that contains the colon, bladder and reproductive organs

Question 27

Serous membranes

Answer 27

tissue that lines internal cavities in the body

Question 28

Pericardial cavity

Answer 28

two layers formed between the serous pericardium of the heart

Question 29

Pleural cavity

Answer 29

the closed space in which the lung has grown

Question 30

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 30

two membranes that seperate the organs in the abdominal cavity

Question 31

Mesentry

Answer 31

a fold that attaches to the small intestine, pancreas, stomach, spleen