Chapter One: The Study Of Human Development

Question 1

Life-span Development

Answer 1

A life long process.

Question 2

Physical Development

Answer 2

Growth of the physical body, no feelings or social skills.

Question 3

Cognitive Development

Answer 3

Everything involving the brain except for emotions and social skills.

Question 4

Psychosocial Development

Answer 4

Emotions, personality, and social skills.

Question 5

Social Construction

Answer 5

Concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it, but in reality is an invention of a particular culture or society.

Question 6

Prenatal Period

Answer 6

Conception to birth

Question 7

Infancy and Toddlerhood

Answer 7

Birth to age 3.

Question 8

Early Childhood

Answer 8

Ages 3 to 6.

Question 9

Middle Childhood

Answer 9

Ages 6 to 11.

Question 10

Adolescence

Answer 10

Ages 11 to 20.

Question 11

Emerging and Young Adulthood

Answer 11

Ages 20 to 40.

Question 12

Middle Adulthood

Answer 12

Ages 40 to 65.

Question 13

Late Adulthood

Answer 13

Age 65+

Question 14

Individual Differences

Answer 14

Characteristics, influences, and developmental outcomes.

Question 15

Heredity

Answer 15

Inborn traits or characteristics inherited from biological parents.

Question 16

Maturation

Answer 16

The unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns.

Question 17

Nuclear Family

Answer 17

Household unit consisted of one or two parents and their children.

Question 18

Extended Family

Answer 18

Multigenerational network of grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc.

Question 19

Socioeconomic Status

Answer 19

Based on family income and the educational and occupational levels of the adults in the household.

Question 20

Risk Factors

Answer 20

Conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative outcome.

Question 21

Ethnic Group

Answer 21

People united by a distinct culture, ancestry, religion, language, or national origin, which contribute to shared attitudes, beliefs, and values.

Question 22

Ethnic Gloss

Answer 22

An overgeneralization that obscures or blurs.

Question 23

Normative Influences

Answer 23

Biological and environmental events that affect many people in a society in similar ways and events that touch only certain individuals.

Question 24

Historical Generation

Answer 24

A group of people who experience the event at a formative time in their lives.

Question 25

Cohort

Answer 25

A group of people born at about the same time.

Question 26

Nonnormative

Answer 26

Unusual events that have a major impact on individual lives because they disturb the expected sequence of the life cycle.

Question 27

Imprinting

Answer 27

Instinctive form of learning in which a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother.

Question 28

Critical Period

Answer 28

Specific time when a given event, or its absence, has a specific impact on development.

Question 29

Plasticity

Answer 29

Modifiability of performance.

Question 30

Sensitive Periods

Answer 30

When a developing person is especially responsive to certain kinds of experiences.

Question 31

Human Development

Answer 31

Focuses on the scientific study of the systematic process of change and stability in people.