Chapter ONE. The Human Body Flashcards
What is Anatomy
Study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Macroscopic Anatomy
Gross anatomy. Large, easily observed
Microscopic Anatomy
Need a microscope to observe
Physiology
Study of how the body parts work or function
Structural Organization
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- System
- Organism
Chemical
It is the simplest.
Atoms join to form molecules
Cellular
Molecules interact to form cells (lowest level at which life exists)
Tissue
Groups of similar cells with a common function
Organ
Several organs form a system with a specific function
System
Several organs form a system with a common function
Organism
Sum total of all structural levels that together promote life of the whole organism
Survival needs (5 things)
- Nutrients
- Oxygen
- Water
- Normal body temperature
- Normal atmospheric pressure
Homeostasis
The ability to maintain a relative stable internal environment in the presence of a changing external environment
Feedback system (what does it involve: 2 systems)
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
What is the three basis components of a Feedback System
- Receptor
- Control Centre
- Effector
Receptor
A sensor that monitors changes in the environment
Control Centre
Analyzes the input from the receptor and determines the appropriate response (finds out what proteins are reacting to and finds the best solution to fix the problem)
Effector
Relays and administers the response (starts the response)
Two kinds of Feedback Systems
- Negative Feedback System
- Positive Feedback System
Negative Feedback System
Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity
Positive Feedback System
Intensifies the original stimulus
ex. pushes a baby out
Body Cavities
Spaces in the body that protect, separate, and support the internal organs
Dorsal body cavity
Cranial cavity + vertebral (spinal) cavity
Ventral body cavity
Thoracic cavity + abdominopelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity + 2 pleural cavities
Abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity
Serous membranes
Helps to reduce friction. Without this, organs would cause internal damage to eachother
Parietal Membrane
Lines the cavity
Visceral membrane
covers the organs within the cavity
Parietal pericardium
Covers wall
Parietal peritoneum
covers wall
Visceral pericardium
covers the actual heart
Visceral peritoneum
Covers the organs itself
