CHAPTER ONE - TERMINOLOGY Flashcards
What is the definition of ANATOMY?
Anatomy is the study of form
What is the definition of PHYSIOLOGY?
Physiology is the study of function
List the Hierarchy of Complexity from biggest to smallest.
- Organisms
- Organ Systems
- Organs
- Tissue
- Cells
- Organelle
- Molecule
- Atoms
Describe the meaning of Organization in terms of Characteristics of Life.
Everything is arranged in a specific way to make sure all the different parts work together effectively to keep the organism alive and functioning properly.
Explain Cellular Composition in terms of Characteristic of Life.
All living things are made up of cells, each with its own structure and function that contributes to the organism’s overall ability to live, grow, and respond to its environment.
Explain Metabolism and Excretion in terms of the Characteristics of Life.
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen inside living things to keep them alive. Metabolism is how your body turns food into energy and uses that energy to build and repair itself.
Excretion is how your body gets rid of waste products after it has used food and other materials. Your body has special systems to get rid of this waste.
What are two ways our body EXCRETE waste?
- Urinary System: It helps remove liquid waste through urine.
- Digestive System: It gets rid of solid waste through poop.
What is the relationship between METABOLISM, ANABOLISM, AND CATABOLISM?
Metabolism is the overall management system in a living thing that handles all the chemical processes needed to stay alive.
Within the Metabolism (control) system, there’s a specific part called Anabolism and Catabolism.
Anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. For example, it helps our body build muscles and repair tissues. When we eat, our body uses the nutrients to create new cells and proteins. This process is important for growth (like getting taller) and for repairing damage (like healing a cut).
Catabolism takes complex molecules and breaks them down into simpler ones. This process releases energy. For example, when you eat food, catabolism breaks down the food into smaller molecules so your body can use the energy. This energy is then used for various activities, like moving around, thinking, and other vital processes.
Explain RESPONSIVENESS in terms of Characteristics of Life.
Responsiveness is like a living thing’s way of reacting to changes in its environment (kind of like how you respond when someone calls your name or when you touch something hot).
- Reacting to stimuli: living things have senses that help them notice changes around them. Like when you quickly pull your hand away when you touch something hot.
- Adapting to changes: responsiveness helps organisms adapt to different situations to stay safe and healthy. For example, if you’re feeling cold, you might put on a jacket.
Responsiveness is all about how living things detect and react to changes in their environment to help them survive.
Explain MOVEMENT in terms of the Characteristics of Life.
Movement refers to how living things can change their position or location (not jut about moving from one place to another, but also about how different parts of an organism can move).
- Movement of the WHOLE organism: animals often move around to find food, escape danger, or explore. For example, a dog walks to find its favourite spot, or a fish swims to catch prey.
- Movement INSIDE the organism: even plants and other organisms that don’t move from place to place still have internal movements. For example, the leaves of a plant might move to follow sunlight, or your heart pumps blood throughout your body.
- Cell movement: on a tiny scale, cells within your body also move around. For example, white blood cells move to fight off infections.
What is the relationship between Responsiveness and Movement in terms of Characteristics of Life?
Responsiveness is how living things react to changes around them, and Movement is about they or their parts move to help them live and function. Both are important for survival and help organisms interact with their environment and stay healthy.
What is HOMEOSTASIS?
The ability for a system, such as a human body, to maintain internal stability, even when it experiences external changes. Maintaining a stable internal environment requires constant monitoring and adjustment as conditions change. This dynamic process ensures that the body’s internal environment remains balanced and optimal for survival.
Example: body temperature regulation is a homeostatic mechanism.
What is NEGATIVE FEEDBACK?
Key mechanism used in homeostasis to maintain a stable internal environment. Homeostasis involves constantly monitoring and adjusting different factors to keep them within a healthy range. When a change occurs in the body, it triggers a response that counteracts that change, bringing the factor back to its optimal level.
In the body, negative feedback loops are essential for regulating various physiological processes. It is to maintain a state of EQUILIBRIUM in the body by counteracting any deviations from optimal range. This constant monitoring and adjustment ensure that the internal environment remains stable and favourable for cell and organ function.
Example:
Think of a thermostat, if the temperature in a room drops below set point, the thermostat detects the change and turns on the heating system. This raises the temperature until it returns to the desired level. Once the set point is reached, the heating system turns off.
Explain DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM.
Dynamic Equilibrium is another way of describing how your body maintains homeostasis. It’s like a balancing act, but instead of things being perfectly still, imagine a constant, controlled back-and-forth movement.
Example:
Your body doesn’t stay fixed at precisely 37 degrees. It fluctuates slightly throughout the day, going up or down depending on your activity level and the external temperature. However your body uses mechanisms like sweating or shivering to ensure the fluctuations remain small and your temperature stays within a safe and healthy range. This constant adjustment and counter-adjustment is what characterizes DYNAMC EQUILIBRIUM in maintaining homeostasis.
Explain SET POINT.
Set Point is the target value that your body tries to maintain for optimal functioning. For instance, your body’s temperature set point is around 37 degrees C. If your temperature rises above this set point, negative feedback mechanisms like sweating are activated to bring back down your temperature.
Set point represents the desired or target value, while negative feedback is the mechanism used to keep the actual value close to the set point.
